Fix the linter

Removes JSON from the KCL object model. Closes https://github.com/KittyCAD/modeling-app/issues/1130 -- it was filed on Nov 27 last year. Hopefully I close it before its one year anniversary.

Changes:

- Removed the UserVal variant from `enum KclValue`. That variant held JSON data.
- Replaced it with several new variants like Number, String, Array (of KCL values), Object (where keys are String and values are KCL values)
- Added a dedicated Sketch variant to KclValue. We used to have a variant like this, but I removed it as an experimental approach to fix this issue. Eventually I decided to undo it and use the approach of this PR instead.
- Removed the `impl_from_arg_via_json` macro, which implemented conversion from KclValue to Rust types by matching the KclValue to its UserVal variant, grabbing the JSON, then deserializing that into the desired Rust type. 
- Instead, replaced it with manual conversion from KclValue to Rust types, using some convenience macros like `field!`

.github/workflows/cargo-test.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ on:
     paths:
       - 'src/wasm-lib/**.rs'
       - 'src/wasm-lib/**.hbs'
+      - 'src/wasm-lib/**.gen'
+      - 'src/wasm-lib/**.snap'
       - '**/Cargo.toml'
       - '**/Cargo.lock'
       - '**/rust-toolchain.toml'
@@ -15,6 +17,8 @@ on:
     paths:
       - 'src/wasm-lib/**.rs'
       - 'src/wasm-lib/**.hbs'
+      - 'src/wasm-lib/**.gen'
+      - 'src/wasm-lib/**.snap'
       - '**/Cargo.toml'
       - '**/Cargo.lock'
       - '**/rust-toolchain.toml'

Makefile

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ $(XSTATE_TYPEGENS): $(TS_SRC)
 	yarn xstate typegen 'src/**/*.ts?(x)'
 
 public/wasm_lib_bg.wasm: $(WASM_LIB_FILES)
-	yarn build:wasm-dev
+	yarn build:wasm
 
 node_modules: package.json yarn.lock
 	yarn install

README.md

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Which commands from setup are one off vs need to be run every time?
 The following will need to be run when checking out a new commit and guarantees the build is not stale:
 ```bash
 yarn install
-yarn build:wasm-dev # or yarn build:wasm for slower but more production-like build
+yarn build:wasm
 yarn start # or yarn build:local && yarn serve for slower but more production-like build
 ```
 

docs/kcl/angleToMatchLengthX.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 ---
 title: "angleToMatchLengthX"
-excerpt: "Compute the angle (in degrees) in o"
+excerpt: "Returns the angle to match the given length for x."
 layout: manual
 ---
 
-Compute the angle (in degrees) in o
+Returns the angle to match the given length for x.
 
 
 

docs/kcl/modules.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+title: "KCL Modules"
+excerpt: "Documentation of modules for the KCL language for the Zoo Modeling App."
+layout: manual
+---
+
+`KCL` allows splitting code up into multiple files.  Each file is somewhat
+isolated from other files as a separate module.
+
+When you define a function, you can use `export` before it to make it available
+to other modules.
+
+```
+// util.kcl
+export fn increment = (x) => {
+  return x + 1
+}
+```
+
+Other files in the project can now import functions that have been exported.
+This makes them available to use in another file.
+
+```
+// main.kcl
+import increment from "util.kcl"
+
+answer = increment(41)
+```
+
+Imported files _must_ be in the same project so that units are uniform across
+modules. This means that it must be in the same directory.
+
+Import statements must be at the top-level of a file. It is not allowed to have
+an `import` statement inside a function or in the body of an if-else.
+
+Multiple functions can be exported in a file.
+
+```
+// util.kcl
+export fn increment = (x) => {
+  return x + 1
+}
+
+export fn decrement = (x) => {
+  return x - 1
+}
+```
+
+When importing, you can import multiple functions at once.
+
+```
+import increment, decrement from "util.kcl"
+```
+
+Imported symbols can be renamed for convenience or to avoid name collisions.
+
+```
+import increment as inc, decrement as dec from "util.kcl"
+```

docs/kcl/types/KclNone.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "KclNone"
+excerpt: "KCL value for an optional parameter which was not given an argument. (remember, parameters are in the function declaration, arguments are in the function call/application)."
+layout: manual
+---
+
+KCL value for an optional parameter which was not given an argument. (remember, parameters are in the function declaration, arguments are in the function call/application).
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

docs/kcl/types/KclValue.md

@@ -23,8 +23,110 @@ Any KCL value.
 
 | Property | Type | Description | Required |
 |----------|------|-------------|----------|
-| `type` |enum: `UserVal`|  | No |
+| `type` |enum: `Uuid`|  | No |
-| `value` |``|  | No |
+| `value` |`string`|  | No |
+| `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
+
+
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: `Bool`|  | No |
+| `value` |`boolean`|  | No |
+| `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
+
+
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: `Number`|  | No |
+| `value` |`number`|  | No |
+| `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
+
+
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: `Int`|  | No |
+| `value` |`integer`|  | No |
+| `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
+
+
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: `String`|  | No |
+| `value` |`string`|  | No |
+| `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
+
+
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: `Array`|  | No |
+| `value` |`[` [`KclValue`](/docs/kcl/types/KclValue) `]`|  | No |
+| `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
+
+
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: `Object`|  | No |
+| `value` |`object`|  | No |
 | `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
 
 
@@ -111,6 +213,38 @@ A face.
 | `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
 
 
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: [`Sketch`](/docs/kcl/types/Sketch)|  | No |
+| `value` |[`Sketch`](/docs/kcl/types/Sketch)| Any KCL value. | No |
+
+
+----
+
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: `Sketches`|  | No |
+| `value` |`[` [`Sketch`](/docs/kcl/types/Sketch) `]`|  | No |
+
+
 ----
 An solid is a collection of extrude surfaces.
 
@@ -190,6 +324,23 @@ Data for an imported geometry.
 
 ----
 
+**Type:** `object`
+
+
+
+
+
+## Properties
+
+| Property | Type | Description | Required |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|
+| `type` |enum: [`KclNone`](/docs/kcl/types/KclNone)|  | No |
+| `value` |[`KclNone`](/docs/kcl/types/KclNone)| Any KCL value. | No |
+| `__meta` |`[` [`Metadata`](/docs/kcl/types/Metadata) `]`|  | No |
+
+
+----
+
 
 
 

e2e/playwright/basic-sketch.spec.ts

@@ -67,15 +67,15 @@ async function doBasicSketch(page: Page, openPanes: string[]) {
   if (openPanes.includes('code')) {
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-  |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %)`)
+  |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %)`)
   }
   await page.waitForTimeout(500)
   await page.mouse.click(startXPx + PUR * 20, 500 - PUR * 20)
   if (openPanes.includes('code')) {
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-  |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %)
+  |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %)
-  |> line([0, ${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}], %)`)
+  |> yLine(${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}, %)`)
   } else {
     await page.waitForTimeout(500)
   }
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ async function doBasicSketch(page: Page, openPanes: string[]) {
   if (openPanes.includes('code')) {
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-  |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %)
+  |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %)
-  |> line([0, ${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}], %)
+  |> yLine(${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}, %)
-  |> lineTo([0, ${commonPoints.num3}], %)`)
+  |> xLine(${commonPoints.num2 * -1}, %)`)
   }
 
   // deselect line tool
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ async function doBasicSketch(page: Page, openPanes: string[]) {
   await u.openKclCodePanel()
   await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-  |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %, $seg01)
+  |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %, $seg01)
-  |> line([0, ${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}], %)
+  |> yLine(${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}, %)
-  |> angledLine([180, segLen(seg01)], %)`)
+  |> xLine(-segLen(seg01), %)`)
 }
 
 test.describe('Basic sketch', () => {

e2e/playwright/editor-tests.spec.ts

@@ -694,6 +694,9 @@ test.describe('Editor tests', () => {
         .toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
     |> startProfileAt([3.14, 12], %)
     |> xLine(5, %) // lin`)
+
+      // expect there to be no KCL errors
+      await expect(page.locator('.cm-lint-marker-error')).toHaveCount(0)
     })
 
     test('with tab to accept the completion', async ({ page }) => {

e2e/playwright/point-click.spec.ts

@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ sketch002 = startSketchOn(extrude001, seg03)
   )
 })
 
-test(`Verify axis and origin snapping`, async ({
+test(`Verify axis, origin, and horizontal snapping`, async ({
   app,
   editor,
   toolbar,
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ test(`Verify axis and origin snapping`, async ({
   const expectedCodeSnippets = {
     sketchOnXzPlane: `sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')`,
     pointAtOrigin: `startProfileAt([${originSloppy.kcl[0]}, ${originSloppy.kcl[1]}], %)`,
-    segmentOnXAxis: `lineTo([${xAxisSloppy.kcl[0]}, ${xAxisSloppy.kcl[1]}], %)`,
+    segmentOnXAxis: `xLine(${xAxisSloppy.kcl[0]}, %)`,
     afterSegmentDraggedOffYAxis: `startProfileAt([${offYAxis.kcl[0]}, ${offYAxis.kcl[1]}], %)`,
     afterSegmentDraggedOnYAxis: `startProfileAt([${yAxisSloppy.kcl[0]}, ${yAxisSloppy.kcl[1]}], %)`,
   }

e2e/playwright/sketch-tests.spec.ts

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
         'persistCode',
         `sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt([4.61, -14.01], %)
-  |> line([12.73, -0.09], %)
+  |> xLine(12.73, %)
   |> tangentialArcTo([24.95, -5.38], %)`
       )
     })
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
       await expect.poll(u.normalisedEditorCode, { timeout: 1000 })
         .toBe(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt([12.34, -12.34], %)
-  |> line([-12.34, 12.34], %)
+  |> yLine(12.34, %)
 
 `)
     }).toPass({ timeout: 40_000, intervals: [1_000] })
@@ -202,35 +202,19 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
       })
 
       const u = await getUtils(page)
-      await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1200, height: 500 })
+      const viewport = { width: 1200, height: 500 }
+      await page.setViewportSize(viewport)
 
       await u.waitForAuthSkipAppStart()
       await expect(
         page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Start Sketch' })
       ).not.toBeDisabled()
 
-      await page.waitForTimeout(100)
+      const center = {
-      await u.openAndClearDebugPanel()
+        x: viewport.width / 2,
-      await u.sendCustomCmd({
+        y: viewport.height / 2,
-        type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
+      }
-        cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+      const modelAreaSize = await u.getModelViewAreaSize()
-        cmd: {
-          type: 'default_camera_look_at',
-          vantage: { x: 0, y: -1250, z: 580 },
-          center: { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
-          up: { x: 0, y: 0, z: 1 },
-        },
-      })
-      await page.waitForTimeout(100)
-      await u.sendCustomCmd({
-        type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
-        cmd_id: uuidv4(),
-        cmd: {
-          type: 'default_camera_get_settings',
-        },
-      })
-      await page.waitForTimeout(100)
-      await u.closeDebugPanel()
 
       // If we have the code pane open, we should see the code.
       if (openPanes.includes('code')) {
@@ -244,7 +228,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
         await expect(u.codeLocator).not.toBeVisible()
       }
 
-      const startPX = [665, 458]
+      const startPX = [center.x + 65, 458]
 
       const dragPX = 30
       let prevContent = ''
@@ -255,7 +239,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
         // Wait for the render.
         await page.waitForTimeout(1000)
         // Select the sketch
-        await page.mouse.click(700, 370)
+        await page.mouse.click(center.x + 100, 370)
       }
       await expect(
         page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Edit Sketch' })
@@ -266,24 +250,47 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
         prevContent = await page.locator('.cm-content').innerText()
       }
 
+      await page.waitForTimeout(1000)
+      await u.openAndClearDebugPanel()
+      await u.sendCustomCmd({
+        type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
+        cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+        cmd: {
+          type: 'default_camera_look_at',
+          vantage: { x: 0, y: -1250, z: 580 - modelAreaSize.w },
+          center: { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
+          up: { x: 0, y: 0, z: 1 },
+        },
+      })
+      await page.waitForTimeout(100)
+      await u.sendCustomCmd({
+        type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
+        cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+        cmd: {
+          type: 'default_camera_get_settings',
+        },
+      })
+      await page.waitForTimeout(1000)
+      await u.closeDebugPanel()
+
       const step5 = { steps: 5 }
 
       await expect(page.getByTestId('segment-overlay')).toHaveCount(2)
 
-      // drag startProfieAt handle
+      test.step('drag startProfileAt handle', async () => {
         await page.mouse.move(startPX[0], startPX[1])
         await page.mouse.down()
         await page.mouse.move(startPX[0] + dragPX, startPX[1] - dragPX, step5)
         await page.mouse.up()
-
         if (openPanes.includes('code')) {
           await expect(page.locator('.cm-content')).not.toHaveText(prevContent)
           prevContent = await page.locator('.cm-content').innerText()
         }
+      })
 
-      // drag line handle
       await page.waitForTimeout(100)
 
+      test.step('drag line handle', async () => {
         const lineEnd = await u.getBoundingBox('[data-overlay-index="0"]')
         await page.mouse.move(lineEnd.x - 5, lineEnd.y)
         await page.mouse.down()
@@ -294,17 +301,23 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
           await expect(page.locator('.cm-content')).not.toHaveText(prevContent)
           prevContent = await page.locator('.cm-content').innerText()
         }
+      })
 
-      // drag tangentialArcTo handle
+      test.step('drag tangentialArcTo handle', async () => {
         const tangentEnd = await u.getBoundingBox('[data-overlay-index="1"]')
         await page.mouse.move(tangentEnd.x, tangentEnd.y - 5)
         await page.mouse.down()
-      await page.mouse.move(tangentEnd.x + dragPX, tangentEnd.y - dragPX, step5)
+        await page.mouse.move(
+          tangentEnd.x + dragPX,
+          tangentEnd.y - dragPX,
+          step5
+        )
         await page.mouse.up()
         await page.waitForTimeout(100)
         if (openPanes.includes('code')) {
           await expect(page.locator('.cm-content')).not.toHaveText(prevContent)
         }
+      })
 
       // Open the code pane
       await u.openKclCodePanel()
@@ -580,7 +593,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
     })
     await page.waitForTimeout(100)
 
-    const startPX = [665, 458]
+    const center = await u.getCenterOfModelViewArea()
 
     const dragPX = 30
 
@@ -596,7 +609,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
 
     await expect(page.getByTestId('segment-overlay')).toHaveCount(2)
 
-    // drag startProfieAt handle
+    // drag startProfileAt handle
     await page.mouse.move(startPX[0], startPX[1])
     await page.mouse.down()
     await page.mouse.move(startPX[0] + dragPX, startPX[1] - dragPX, step5)
@@ -638,6 +651,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
   })
   test('Can add multiple sketches', async ({ page }) => {
     const u = await getUtils(page)
+
     const viewportSize = { width: 1200, height: 500 }
     await page.setViewportSize(viewportSize)
 
@@ -645,7 +659,7 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
     await u.openDebugPanel()
 
     const center = { x: viewportSize.width / 2, y: viewportSize.height / 2 }
-    const { toSU, click00r } = getMovementUtils({ center, page })
+    const { toSU, toU, click00r } = getMovementUtils({ center, page })
 
     await expect(
       page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Start Sketch' })
@@ -661,29 +675,32 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
       200
     )
 
+    const center = await u.getCenterOfModelViewArea()
+
     let codeStr = "sketch001 = startSketchOn('XY')"
 
-    await page.mouse.click(center.x, viewportSize.height * 0.55)
+    await page.mouse.click(center.x - 50, viewportSize.height * 0.55)
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
     await u.closeDebugPanel()
     await page.waitForTimeout(500) // TODO detect animation ending, or disable animation
 
-    await click00r(0, 0)
+    const { click00r } = await getMovementUtils({ center, page })
-    codeStr += `  |> startProfileAt(${toSU([0, 0])}, %)`
+
+    let coord = await click00r(0, 0)
+    codeStr += `  |> startProfileAt(${coord.kcl}, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
     await click00r(50, 0)
     await page.waitForTimeout(100)
-    codeStr += `  |> lineTo(${toSU([50, 0])}, %)`
+    codeStr += `  |> xLine(${toU(50, 0)[0]}, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
     await click00r(0, 50)
-    codeStr += `  |> line(${toSU([0, 50])}, %)`
+    codeStr += `  |> yLine(${toU(0, 50)[1]}, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
-    let clickCoords = await click00r(-50, 0)
+    await click00r(-50, 0)
-    expect(clickCoords).not.toBeUndefined()
+    codeStr += `  |> xLine(${toU(-50, 0)[0]}, %)`
-    codeStr += `  |> lineTo(${toSU(clickCoords!)}, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
     // exit the sketch, reset relative clicker
@@ -699,28 +716,29 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
 
     // when exiting the sketch above the camera is still looking down at XY,
     // so selecting the plane again is a bit easier.
-    await page.mouse.click(center.x + 200, center.y + 100)
+    await page.mouse.move(center.x - 100, center.y + 50, { steps: 5 })
+    await page.mouse.click(center.x - 100, center.y + 50)
     await page.waitForTimeout(600) // TODO detect animation ending, or disable animation
     codeStr += "sketch002 = startSketchOn('XY')"
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
     await u.closeDebugPanel()
 
-    await click00r(30, 0)
+    coord = await click00r(30, 0)
-    codeStr += `  |> startProfileAt([2.03, 0], %)`
+    codeStr += `  |> startProfileAt(${coord.kcl}, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
     // TODO: I couldn't use `toSU` here because of some rounding error causing
     // it to be off by 0.01
     await click00r(30, 0)
-    codeStr += `  |> lineTo([4.07, 0], %)`
+    codeStr += `  |> xLine(2.04, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
     await click00r(0, 30)
-    codeStr += `  |> line([0, -2.03], %)`
+    codeStr += `  |> yLine(-2.03, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
     await click00r(-30, 0)
-    codeStr += `  |> line([-2.04, 0], %)`
+    codeStr += `  |> xLine(-2.04, %)`
     await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(codeStr)
 
     await click00r(undefined, undefined)
@@ -744,8 +762,8 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
 
       const code = `sketch001 = startSketchOn('-XZ')
     |> startProfileAt([${roundOff(scale * 69.6)}, ${roundOff(scale * 34.8)}], %)
-    |> line([${roundOff(scale * 139.19)}, 0], %)
+    |> xLine(${roundOff(scale * 139.19)}, %)
-    |> line([0, -${roundOff(scale * 139.2)}], %)
+    |> yLine(-${roundOff(scale * 139.2)}, %)
     |> lineTo([profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)], %)
     |> close(%)`
 
@@ -764,20 +782,21 @@ test.describe('Sketch tests', () => {
       await u.updateCamPosition(camPos)
       await u.closeDebugPanel()
 
+      const center = await u.getCenterOfModelViewArea()
       await page.mouse.move(0, 0)
 
       // select a plane
-      await page.mouse.move(700, 200, { steps: 10 })
+      await page.mouse.move(center.x + 100, 200, { steps: 10 })
-      await page.mouse.click(700, 200, { delay: 200 })
+      await page.mouse.click(center.x + 100, 200, { delay: 200 })
       await expect(page.locator('.cm-content')).toHaveText(
         `sketch001 = startSketchOn('-XZ')`
       )
 
       let prevContent = await page.locator('.cm-content').innerText()
 
-      const pointA = [700, 200]
+      const pointA = [center.x + 100, 200]
-      const pointB = [900, 200]
+      const pointB = [center.x + 300, 200]
-      const pointC = [900, 400]
+      const pointC = [center.x + 300, 400]
 
       // draw three lines
       await page.waitForTimeout(500)
@@ -914,7 +933,9 @@ extrude001 = extrude(5, sketch001)
 
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Start Sketch' }).click()
 
-    await page.mouse.click(622, 355)
+    const center = await u.getCenterOfModelViewArea()
+
+    await page.mouse.click(center.x + 22, 355)
 
     await page.waitForTimeout(800)
     await page.getByText(`END')`).click()

e2e/playwright/snapshot-tests.spec.ts

@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ test(
     await page.waitForTimeout(100)
 
     code += `
-  |> line([7.25, 0], %)`
+  |> xLine(7.25, %)`
     await expect(page.locator('.cm-content')).toHaveText(code)
 
     await page
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ test.describe(
       await page.waitForTimeout(100)
 
       code += `
-  |> line([7.25, 0], %)`
+  |> xLine(7.25, %)`
       await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(code)
 
       await page
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ test.describe(
       await page.waitForTimeout(100)
 
       code += `
-  |> line([184.3, 0], %)`
+  |> xLine(184.3, %)`
       await expect(u.codeLocator).toHaveText(code)
 
       await page

e2e/playwright/test-network-and-connection-issues.spec.ts

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ test.describe('Test network and connection issues', () => {
     await expect(page.locator('.cm-content'))
       .toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
     |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-    |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %)`)
+    |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %)`)
 
     // Expect the network to be up
     await expect(networkToggle).toContainText('Connected')
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ test.describe('Test network and connection issues', () => {
     await expect.poll(u.normalisedEditorCode)
       .toBe(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt([12.34, -12.34], %)
-  |> line([12.34, 0], %)
+  |> xLine(12.34, %)
   |> line([-12.34, 12.34], %)
 
 `)
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ test.describe('Test network and connection issues', () => {
     await expect.poll(u.normalisedEditorCode)
       .toBe(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
   |> startProfileAt([12.34, -12.34], %)
-  |> line([12.34, 0], %)
+  |> xLine(12.34, %)
   |> line([-12.34, 12.34], %)
-  |> lineTo([0, -12.34], %)
+  |> xLine(-12.34, %)
 
 `)
 

e2e/playwright/test-utils.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,21 @@ import {
   Locator,
   test,
 } from '@playwright/test'
+import {
+  OrthographicCamera,
+  Mesh,
+  Scene,
+  Raycaster,
+  PlaneGeometry,
+  MeshBasicMaterial,
+  DoubleSide,
+  Vector2,
+  Vector3,
+} from 'three'
+import {
+  RAYCASTABLE_PLANE,
+  INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER,
+} from 'clientSideScene/constants'
 import { EngineCommand } from 'lang/std/artifactGraph'
 import fsp from 'fs/promises'
 import fsSync from 'fs'
@@ -257,55 +272,141 @@ export const circleMove = async (
   }
 }
 
-export const getMovementUtils = (opts: any) => {
+export function rollingRound(n: number, digitsAfterDecimal: number) {
-  // The way we truncate is kinda odd apparently, so we need this function
+  const s = String(n).split('.')
-  // "[k]itty[c]ad round"
-  const kcRound = (n: number) => Math.trunc(n * 100) / 100
 
-  // To translate between screen and engine ("[U]nit") coordinates
+  // There are no decimals, just return the number.
-  // NOTE: these pretty much can't be perfect because of screen scaling.
+  if (s.length === 1) return n
-  // Handle on a case-by-case.
-  const toU = (x: number, y: number) => [
-    kcRound(x * 0.0678),
-    kcRound(-y * 0.0678), // Y is inverted in our coordinate system
-  ]
 
-  // Turn the array into a string with specific formatting
+  // Find the closest 9. We don't care about anything beyond that.
-  const fromUToString = (xy: number[]) => `[${xy[0]}, ${xy[1]}]`
+  const nineIndex = s[1].indexOf('9')
 
-  // Combine because used often
+  const fractStr = nineIndex > 0 ? s[1].slice(0, nineIndex + 1) : s[1]
-  const toSU = (xy: number[]) => fromUToString(toU(xy[0], xy[1]))
+
+  let fract = Number(fractStr) / 10 ** fractStr.length
+
+  for (let i = fractStr.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
+    if (i === digitsAfterDecimal) break
+    fract = Math.round(fract * 10 ** i) / 10 ** i
+  }
+
+  return (Number(s[0]) + fract).toFixed(digitsAfterDecimal)
+}
+
+export const getMovementUtils = async (opts: any) => {
+  const sceneInfra = await opts.page.evaluate(() => window.sceneInfra)
+
+  // Various data for raycasting into the scene to get our XY.
+  const hundredM = 100_0000
+  const planeGeometry = new PlaneGeometry(hundredM, hundredM)
+  const planeMaterial = new MeshBasicMaterial({
+    color: 0xff0000,
+    side: DoubleSide,
+    transparent: true,
+    opacity: 0.5,
+  })
+  const scene = new Scene()
+  const intersectionPlane = new Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial)
+  intersectionPlane.userData = { type: RAYCASTABLE_PLANE }
+  intersectionPlane.name = RAYCASTABLE_PLANE
+  intersectionPlane.layers.set(INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER)
+  scene.add(intersectionPlane)
+  const planeRaycaster = new Raycaster()
+  planeRaycaster.far = Infinity
+  planeRaycaster.layers.enable(INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER)
+
+  const kcRound = (n: number) => Math.round(n * 100) / 100
 
   // Make it easier to click around from center ("click [from] zero zero")
   const click00 = (x: number, y: number) =>
-    opts.page.mouse.click(opts.center.x + x, opts.center.y + y, { delay: 100 })
+    opts.page.mouse.click(x, y, { delay: 100 })
 
   // Relative clicker, must keep state
   let last = { x: 0, y: 0 }
+  let lastScreenSpace = { x: 0, y: 0 }
+
   const click00r = async (x?: number, y?: number) => {
     // reset relative coordinates when anything is undefined
     if (x === undefined || y === undefined) {
-      last.x = 0
+      last = { x: 0, y: 0 }
-      last.y = 0
+      lastScreenSpace = { x: 0, y: 0 }
-      return
+      return {
+        nextXY: [0, 0],
+        kcl: `[0, 0]`,
+      }
     }
 
-    await circleMove(
+    const absX = opts.center.x + x
-      opts.page,
+    const absY = opts.center.y + y
-      opts.center.x + last.x + x,
+
-      opts.center.y + last.y + y,
+    const nextX = last.x + x
-      10,
+    const nextY = last.y + y
-      10
+
+    const targetX = opts.center.x + nextX
+    const targetY = opts.center.y + -nextY
+
+    // Use the current camera specification
+    const camera = await opts.page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.sceneInfra.camControls.onCameraChange(true)
+      return window.sceneInfra.camControls.camera
+    })
+
+    const windowWH = await opts.page.evaluate(() => ({
+      w: window.innerWidth,
+      h: window.innerHeight,
+    }))
+
+    // I didn't write this math, it's copied from sceneInfra.ts, and I understand
+    // it's just normalizing the point, but why *-2 ± 1 I have no idea.
+    const mouseVector = new Vector2(
+      (targetX / windowWH.w) * 2 - 1,
+      -(targetY / windowWH.h) * 2 + 1
     )
-    await click00(last.x + x, last.y + y)
+    planeRaycaster.setFromCamera(mouseVector, camera)
+    const intersections = planeRaycaster.intersectObjects(scene.children, true)
+
+    const planePosition = intersections[0].object.position
+    const inversePlaneQuaternion = intersections[0].object.quaternion
+      .clone()
+      .invert()
+    let transformedPoint = intersections[0].point.clone()
+    if (transformedPoint) {
+      transformedPoint.applyQuaternion(inversePlaneQuaternion)
+    }
+    const twoD = new Vector2(
+      // I think the intersection plane doesn't get scale when nearly everything else does, maybe that should change
+      transformedPoint.x / sceneInfra._baseUnitMultiplier,
+      transformedPoint.y / sceneInfra._baseUnitMultiplier
+    ) // z should be 0
+    const planePositionCorrected = new Vector3(
+      ...planePosition
+    ).applyQuaternion(inversePlaneQuaternion)
+    twoD.sub(new Vector2(...planePositionCorrected))
+
+    await circleMove(opts.page, targetX, targetY, 10, 10)
+    await click00(targetX, targetY)
+
     last.x += x
     last.y += y
 
-    // Returns the new absolute coordinate if you need it.
+    const relativeScreenSpace = {
-    return [last.x, last.y]
+      x: twoD.x - lastScreenSpace.x,
+      y: -(twoD.y - lastScreenSpace.y),
     }
 
-  return { toSU, click00r }
+    lastScreenSpace.x = kcRound(twoD.x)
+    lastScreenSpace.y = kcRound(twoD.y)
+
+    // Returns the new absolute coordinate and the screen space coordinate if you need it.
+    return {
+      nextXY: [last.x, last.y],
+      kcl: `[${kcRound(relativeScreenSpace.x)}, ${-kcRound(
+        relativeScreenSpace.y
+      )}]`,
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { toSU, toU, click00r }
 }
 
 async function waitForAuthAndLsp(page: Page) {
@@ -356,6 +457,30 @@ export async function getUtils(page: Page, test_?: typeof test) {
     browserType !== 'chromium' ? null : await page.context().newCDPSession(page)
 
   const util = {
+    async getModelViewAreaSize() {
+      const windowInnerWidth = await page.evaluate(() => window.innerWidth)
+      const windowInnerHeight = await page.evaluate(() => window.innerHeight)
+
+      const sidebar = page.getByTestId('modeling-sidebar')
+      const bb = await sidebar.boundingBox()
+      return {
+        w: windowInnerWidth - (bb?.width ?? 0),
+        h: windowInnerHeight - (bb?.height ?? 0),
+      }
+    },
+    async getCenterOfModelViewArea() {
+      const windowInnerWidth = await page.evaluate(() => window.innerWidth)
+      const windowInnerHeight = await page.evaluate(() => window.innerHeight)
+
+      const sidebar = page.getByTestId('modeling-sidebar')
+      const bb = await sidebar.boundingBox()
+      const goRightPx = (bb?.width ?? 0) / 2
+      const borderWidthsCombined = 2
+      return {
+        x: Math.round(windowInnerWidth / 2 + goRightPx) - borderWidthsCombined,
+        y: Math.round(windowInnerHeight / 2),
+      }
+    },
     waitForAuthSkipAppStart: () => waitForAuthAndLsp(page),
     waitForPageLoad: () => waitForPageLoad(page),
     waitForPageLoadWithRetry: () => waitForPageLoadWithRetry(page),

e2e/playwright/testing-constraints.spec.ts

@@ -43,10 +43,12 @@ test.describe('Testing constraints', () => {
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Edit Sketch' }).click()
     await page.waitForTimeout(500) // wait for animation
 
-    const startXPx = 500
+    const center = await u.getCenterOfModelViewArea()
+
+    const startXPx = center.x - 100
     await page.mouse.move(startXPx + PUR * 15, 250 - PUR * 10)
     await page.keyboard.down('Shift')
-    await page.mouse.click(834, 244)
+    await page.mouse.click(center.x + 234, 244)
     await page.keyboard.up('Shift')
 
     await page

e2e/playwright/testing-selections.spec.ts

@@ -32,10 +32,17 @@ test.describe('Testing selections', () => {
       await u.waitForAuthSkipAppStart()
       await u.openDebugPanel()
 
-      const xAxisClick = () =>
+      const yAxisClick = () =>
-        page.mouse.click(700, 253).then(() => page.waitForTimeout(100))
+        test.step('Click on Y axis', async () => {
+          await page.mouse.move(600, 200, { steps: 5 })
+          await page.mouse.click(600, 200)
+          await page.waitForTimeout(100)
+        })
       const xAxisClickAfterExitingSketch = () =>
-        page.mouse.click(639, 278).then(() => page.waitForTimeout(100))
+        test.step(`Click on X axis after exiting sketch, which shifts it at the moment`, async () => {
+          await page.mouse.click(639, 278)
+          await page.waitForTimeout(100)
+        })
       const emptySpaceHover = () =>
         test.step('Hover over empty space', async () => {
           await page.mouse.move(700, 143, { steps: 5 })
@@ -80,23 +87,23 @@ test.describe('Testing selections', () => {
       await expect(page.locator('.cm-content'))
         .toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
     |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-    |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %)`)
+    |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %)`)
 
       await page.waitForTimeout(100)
       await page.mouse.click(startXPx + PUR * 20, 500 - PUR * 20)
       await expect(page.locator('.cm-content'))
         .toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
     |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-    |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %)
+    |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %)
-    |> line([0, ${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}], %)`)
+    |> yLine(${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}, %)`)
       await page.waitForTimeout(100)
       await page.mouse.click(startXPx, 500 - PUR * 20)
       await expect(page.locator('.cm-content'))
         .toHaveText(`sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
     |> startProfileAt(${commonPoints.startAt}, %)
-    |> line([${commonPoints.num1}, 0], %)
+    |> xLine(${commonPoints.num1}, %)
-    |> line([0, ${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}], %)
+    |> yLine(${commonPoints.num1 + 0.01}, %)
-    |> lineTo([0, ${commonPoints.num3}], %)`)
+    |> xLine(${commonPoints.num2 * -1}, %)`)
 
       // deselect line tool
       await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'line Line', exact: true }).click()
@@ -121,29 +128,31 @@ test.describe('Testing selections', () => {
         // now check clicking works including axis
 
         // click a segment hold shift and click an axis, see that a relevant constraint is enabled
-        await topHorzSegmentClick()
-        await page.keyboard.down('Shift')
         const constrainButton = page.getByRole('button', {
           name: 'Length: open menu',
         })
-        const absYButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Absolute Y' })
+        const absXButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Absolute X' })
+
+        await test.step(`Select a segment and an axis, see that a relevant constraint is enabled`, async () => {
+          await topHorzSegmentClick()
+          await page.keyboard.down('Shift')
           await constrainButton.click()
-        await expect(absYButton).toBeDisabled()
+          await expect(absXButton).toBeDisabled()
           await page.waitForTimeout(100)
-        await xAxisClick()
+          await yAxisClick()
           await page.keyboard.up('Shift')
           await constrainButton.click()
-        await absYButton.and(page.locator(':not([disabled])')).waitFor()
+          await absXButton.and(page.locator(':not([disabled])')).waitFor()
-        await expect(absYButton).not.toBeDisabled()
+          await expect(absXButton).not.toBeDisabled()
+        })
 
-        // clear selection by clicking on nothing
         await emptySpaceClick()
-
         await page.waitForTimeout(100)
-        // same selection but click the axis first
+
-        await xAxisClick()
+        await test.step(`Same selection but click the axis first`, async () => {
+          await yAxisClick()
           await constrainButton.click()
-        await expect(absYButton).toBeDisabled()
+          await expect(absXButton).toBeDisabled()
           await page.keyboard.down('Shift')
           await page.waitForTimeout(100)
           await topHorzSegmentClick()
@@ -151,23 +160,26 @@ test.describe('Testing selections', () => {
 
           await page.keyboard.up('Shift')
           await constrainButton.click()
-        await expect(absYButton).not.toBeDisabled()
+          await expect(absXButton).not.toBeDisabled()
+        })
 
         // clear selection by clicking on nothing
         await emptySpaceClick()
 
         // check the same selection again by putting cursor in code first then selecting axis
+        await test.step(`Same selection but code selection then axis`, async () => {
           await page
-          .getByText(`  |> lineTo([0, ${commonPoints.num3}], %)`)
+            .getByText(`  |> xLine(${commonPoints.num2 * -1}, %)`)
             .click()
           await page.keyboard.down('Shift')
           await constrainButton.click()
-        await expect(absYButton).toBeDisabled()
+          await expect(absXButton).toBeDisabled()
           await page.waitForTimeout(100)
-        await xAxisClick()
+          await yAxisClick()
           await page.keyboard.up('Shift')
           await constrainButton.click()
-        await expect(absYButton).not.toBeDisabled()
+          await expect(absXButton).not.toBeDisabled()
+        })
 
         // clear selection by clicking on nothing
         await emptySpaceClick()
@@ -182,9 +194,7 @@ test.describe('Testing selections', () => {
           process.platform === 'linux' ? 'Control' : 'Meta'
         )
         await page.waitForTimeout(100)
-        await page
+        await page.getByText(`  |> xLine(${commonPoints.num2 * -1}, %)`).click()
-          .getByText(`  |> lineTo([0, ${commonPoints.num3}], %)`)
-          .click()
 
         await expect(page.locator('.cm-cursor')).toHaveCount(2)
         await page.waitForTimeout(500)
@@ -928,6 +938,7 @@ sketch002 = startSketchOn(extrude001, $seg01)
     // test fillet button with the body in the scene
     const codeToAdd = `${await u.codeLocator.allInnerTexts()}
 extrude001 = extrude(10, sketch001)`
+    await u.codeLocator.clear()
     await u.codeLocator.fill(codeToAdd)
     await selectSegment()
     await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Fillet' })).toBeEnabled()

e2e/playwright/testing-settings.spec.ts

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ test.describe('Testing settings', () => {
     })
   })
 
-  test(
+  test.fixme(
     `Project settings override user settings on desktop`,
     { tag: ['@electron', '@skipWin'] },
     async ({ browser: _ }, testInfo) => {
@@ -318,7 +318,6 @@ test.describe('Testing settings', () => {
             timeout: 5_000,
           })
           .toContain(`themeColor = "${userThemeColor}"`)
-        // Only close the button after we've confirmed
       })
 
       await test.step('Set project theme color', async () => {
@@ -744,18 +743,19 @@ extrude001 = extrude(5, sketch001)
       )
     })
     await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1200, height: 500 })
+    await u.waitForAuthSkipAppStart()
 
     // Selectors and constants
     const editSketchButton = page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Edit Sketch' })
     const lineToolButton = page.getByTestId('line')
     const segmentOverlays = page.getByTestId('segment-overlay')
-    const sketchOriginLocation = { x: 600, y: 250 }
+    const sketchOriginLocation = await u.getCenterOfModelViewArea()
     const darkThemeSegmentColor: [number, number, number] = [215, 215, 215]
     const lightThemeSegmentColor: [number, number, number] = [90, 90, 90]
 
     await test.step(`Get into sketch mode`, async () => {
-      await u.waitForAuthSkipAppStart()
+      await page.mouse.click(sketchOriginLocation.x, sketchOriginLocation.y)
-      await page.mouse.click(700, 200)
+
       await expect(editSketchButton).toBeVisible()
       await editSketchButton.click()
 
@@ -766,12 +766,18 @@ extrude001 = extrude(5, sketch001)
       await page.waitForTimeout(1000)
     })
 
+    const line1 = await u.getSegmentBodyCoords(`[data-overlay-index="${0}"]`, 0)
+
+    // Our lines are translucent (surprise!), so we need to get on portion
+    // of the line that is only on the background, and not on top of something
+    // like the axis lines.
+    line1.x -= 1
+    line1.y -= 1
+
     await test.step(`Check the sketch line color before`, async () => {
       await expect
-        .poll(() =>
+        .poll(() => u.getGreatestPixDiff(line1, darkThemeSegmentColor))
-          u.getGreatestPixDiff(sketchOriginLocation, darkThemeSegmentColor)
+        .toBeLessThanOrEqual(34)
-        )
-        .toBeLessThan(15)
     })
 
     await test.step(`Change theme to light using command palette`, async () => {
@@ -786,10 +792,8 @@ extrude001 = extrude(5, sketch001)
 
     await test.step(`Check the sketch line color after`, async () => {
       await expect
-        .poll(() =>
+        .poll(() => u.getGreatestPixDiff(line1, lightThemeSegmentColor))
-          u.getGreatestPixDiff(sketchOriginLocation, lightThemeSegmentColor)
+        .toBeLessThanOrEqual(34)
-        )
-        .toBeLessThan(15)
     })
   })
 

e2e/playwright/various.spec.ts

@@ -503,14 +503,16 @@ test('Sketch on face', async ({ page }) => {
 
   let previousCodeContent = await page.locator('.cm-content').innerText()
 
-  await u.openAndClearDebugPanel()
+  const center = await u.getCenterOfModelViewArea()
+
+  // This basically waits for sketch mode to be ready.
   await u.doAndWaitForCmd(
-    () => page.mouse.click(625, 165),
+    async () => page.mouse.click(center.x, 180),
     'default_camera_get_settings',
     true
   )
-  await page.waitForTimeout(150)
+
-  await u.closeDebugPanel()
+  await page.waitForTimeout(300)
 
   const firstClickPosition = [612, 238]
   const secondClickPosition = [661, 242]

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "zoo-modeling-app",
-  "version": "0.26.3",
+  "version": "0.26.5",
   "private": true,
   "productName": "Zoo Modeling App",
   "author": {

src/App.tsx

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
 import { useHotKeyListener } from './hooks/useHotKeyListener'
-import { Stream } from './components/Stream'
 import { AppHeader } from './components/AppHeader'
 import { useHotkeys } from 'react-hotkeys-hook'
-import { useLoaderData, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom'
+import { useLoaderData, useNavigate, useSearchParams } from 'react-router-dom'
 import { type IndexLoaderData } from 'lib/types'
 import { PATHS } from 'lib/paths'
 import { useSettingsAuthContext } from 'hooks/useSettingsAuthContext'
 import { onboardingPaths } from 'routes/Onboarding/paths'
 import { useEngineConnectionSubscriptions } from 'hooks/useEngineConnectionSubscriptions'
-import { codeManager, engineCommandManager } from 'lib/singletons'
+import { codeManager, engineCommandManager, sceneInfra } from 'lib/singletons'
 import { useAbsoluteFilePath } from 'hooks/useAbsoluteFilePath'
 import { isDesktop } from 'lib/isDesktop'
 import { useLspContext } from 'components/LspProvider'
@@ -22,6 +21,8 @@ import Gizmo from 'components/Gizmo'
 import { CoreDumpManager } from 'lib/coredump'
 import { UnitsMenu } from 'components/UnitsMenu'
 import { CameraProjectionToggle } from 'components/CameraProjectionToggle'
+import EngineStreamContext from 'hooks/useEngineStreamContext'
+import { EngineStream } from 'components/EngineStream'
 import { maybeWriteToDisk } from 'lib/telemetry'
 maybeWriteToDisk()
   .then(() => {})
@@ -37,6 +38,13 @@ export function App() {
   // the coredump.
   const ref = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
 
+  // Stream related refs and data
+  const videoRef = useRef<HTMLVideoElement>(null)
+  const canvasRef = useRef<HTMLCanvasElement>(null)
+  const modelingSidebarRef = useRef<HTMLUListElement>(null)
+  let [searchParams] = useSearchParams()
+  const pool = searchParams.get('pool')
+
   const projectName = project?.name || null
   const projectPath = project?.path || null
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -57,6 +65,10 @@ export function App() {
     app: { onboardingStatus },
   } = settings.context
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    sceneInfra.camControls.modelingSidebarRef = modelingSidebarRef
+  }, [modelingSidebarRef.current])
+
   useHotkeys('backspace', (e) => {
     e.preventDefault()
   })
@@ -84,14 +96,26 @@ export function App() {
         enableMenu={true}
       />
       <ModalContainer />
-      <ModelingSidebar paneOpacity={paneOpacity} />
+      <ModelingSidebar paneOpacity={paneOpacity} ref={modelingSidebarRef} />
-      <Stream />
+      <EngineStreamContext.Provider
+        options={{
+          input: {
+            videoRef,
+            canvasRef,
+            mediaStream: null,
+            authToken: auth?.context?.token ?? null,
+            pool,
+          },
+        }}
+      >
+        <EngineStream />
         {/* <CamToggle /> */}
         <LowerRightControls coreDumpManager={coreDumpManager}>
           <UnitsMenu />
           <Gizmo />
           <CameraProjectionToggle />
         </LowerRightControls>
+      </EngineStreamContext.Provider>
     </div>
   )
 }

src/Toolbar.tsx

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
 } from 'lib/toolbar'
 import { isDesktop } from 'lib/isDesktop'
 import { openExternalBrowserIfDesktop } from 'lib/openWindow'
+import { EngineConnectionStateType } from 'lang/std/engineConnection'
 
 export function Toolbar({
   className = '',
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ export function Toolbar({
   }, [engineCommandManager.artifactGraph, context.selectionRanges])
 
   const toolbarButtonsRef = useRef<HTMLUListElement>(null)
-  const { overallState } = useNetworkContext()
+  const { overallState, immediateState } = useNetworkContext()
   const { isExecuting } = useKclContext()
   const { isStreamReady } = useAppState()
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ export function Toolbar({
     (overallState !== NetworkHealthState.Ok &&
       overallState !== NetworkHealthState.Weak) ||
     isExecuting ||
+    immediateState.type !== EngineConnectionStateType.ConnectionEstablished ||
     !isStreamReady
 
   const currentMode =

src/clientSideScene/CameraControls.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { Models } from '@kittycad/lib'
+import { MutableRefObject } from 'react'
 import { cameraMouseDragGuards, MouseGuard } from 'lib/cameraControls'
 import {
   Euler,
@@ -87,6 +89,9 @@ class CameraRateLimiter {
 
 export class CameraControls {
   engineCommandManager: EngineCommandManager
+  modelingSidebarRef: MutableRefObject<HTMLUListElement | null> = {
+    current: null,
+  }
   syncDirection: 'clientToEngine' | 'engineToClient' = 'engineToClient'
   camera: PerspectiveCamera | OrthographicCamera
   target: Vector3
@@ -95,6 +100,13 @@ export class CameraControls {
   wasDragging: boolean
   mouseDownPosition: Vector2
   mouseNewPosition: Vector2
+  cameraDragStartXY = new Vector2()
+  old:
+    | {
+        camera: PerspectiveCamera | OrthographicCamera
+        target: Vector3
+      }
+    | undefined
   rotationSpeed = 0.3
   enableRotate = true
   enablePan = true
@@ -461,6 +473,7 @@ export class CameraControls {
     if (this.syncDirection === 'engineToClient') {
       const interaction = this.getInteractionType(event)
       if (interaction === 'none') return
+
       void this.engineCommandManager.sendSceneCommand({
         type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
         cmd: {
@@ -909,18 +922,123 @@ export class CameraControls {
         up: { x: 0, y: 0, z: 1 },
       },
     })
-    await this.engineCommandManager.sendSceneCommand({
+
+    await this.centerModelRelativeToPanes({
+      zoomToFit: true,
+      resetLastPaneWidth: true,
+    })
+
+    this.cameraDragStartXY = new Vector2()
+    this.cameraDragStartXY.x = 0
+    this.cameraDragStartXY.y = 0
+  }
+
+  async restoreCameraPosition(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.old) return
+
+    this.camera = this.old.camera.clone()
+    this.target = this.old.target.clone()
+
+    void this.engineCommandManager.sendSceneCommand({
       type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
       cmd_id: uuidv4(),
       cmd: {
-        type: 'zoom_to_fit',
+        type: 'default_camera_look_at',
-        object_ids: [], // leave empty to zoom to all objects
+        ...convertThreeCamValuesToEngineCam({
-        padding: 0.2, // padding around the objects
+          isPerspective: true,
-        animated: false, // don't animate the zoom for now
+          position: this.camera.position,
+          quaternion: this.camera.quaternion,
+          zoom: this.camera.zoom,
+          target: this.target,
+        }),
       },
     })
   }
 
+  private lastFramePaneWidth: number = 0
+
+  async centerModelRelativeToPanes(args?: {
+    zoomObjectId?: string
+    zoomToFit?: boolean
+    resetLastPaneWidth?: boolean
+  }): Promise<void> {
+    const panes = this.modelingSidebarRef?.current
+    if (!panes) return
+
+    const panesWidth = panes.offsetWidth + panes.offsetLeft
+
+    if (args?.resetLastPaneWidth) {
+      this.lastFramePaneWidth = 0
+    }
+
+    const goPx =
+      (panesWidth - this.lastFramePaneWidth) / 2 / window.devicePixelRatio
+    this.lastFramePaneWidth = panesWidth
+
+    // Originally I had tried to use the default_camera_look_at endpoint and
+    // some quaternion math to move the camera right, but it ended up being
+    // overly complicated, and I think the threejs scene also doesn't have the
+    // camera coordinates after a zoom-to-fit... So this is much easier, and
+    // maps better to screen coordinates.
+
+    const requests: Models['ModelingCmdReq_type'][] = [
+      {
+        cmd: {
+          type: 'camera_drag_start',
+          interaction: 'pan',
+          window: { x: goPx < 0 ? -goPx : 0, y: 0 },
+        },
+        cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+      },
+      {
+        cmd: {
+          type: 'camera_drag_move',
+          interaction: 'pan',
+          window: {
+            x: goPx < 0 ? 0 : goPx,
+            y: 0,
+          },
+        },
+        cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+      },
+    ]
+
+    if (args?.zoomToFit) {
+      requests.unshift({
+        cmd: {
+          type: 'zoom_to_fit',
+          object_ids: args?.zoomObjectId ? [args?.zoomObjectId] : [], // leave empty to zoom to all objects
+          padding: 0.2, // padding around the objects
+        },
+        cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+      })
+    }
+
+    await this.engineCommandManager
+      .sendSceneCommand({
+        type: 'modeling_cmd_batch_req',
+        batch_id: uuidv4(),
+        responses: true,
+        requests,
+      })
+      // engineCommandManager can't subscribe to batch responses so we'll send
+      // this one off by its lonesome after.
+      .then(() =>
+        this.engineCommandManager.sendSceneCommand({
+          type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
+          cmd: {
+            type: 'camera_drag_end',
+            interaction: 'pan',
+            window: {
+              x: goPx < 0 ? 0 : goPx,
+              y: 0,
+            },
+          },
+          cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+        })
+      )
+  }
+
   async tweenCameraToQuaternion(
     targetQuaternion: Quaternion,
     targetPosition = new Vector3(),

src/clientSideScene/ClientSideSceneComp.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-import { useRef, useEffect, useState, useMemo, Fragment } from 'react'
+import {
+  CSSProperties,
+  useRef,
+  useEffect,
+  useState,
+  useMemo,
+  Fragment,
+} from 'react'
 import { useModelingContext } from 'hooks/useModelingContext'
 
 import { cameraMouseDragGuards } from 'lib/cameraControls'
@@ -202,12 +209,20 @@ const Overlay = ({
   let xAlignment = overlay.angle < 0 ? '0%' : '-100%'
   let yAlignment = overlay.angle < -90 || overlay.angle >= 90 ? '0%' : '-100%'
 
+  // It's possible for the pathToNode to request a newer AST node
+  // than what's available in the AST at the moment of query.
+  // It eventually settles on being updated.
   const _node1 = getNodeFromPath<Node<CallExpression>>(
     kclManager.ast,
     overlay.pathToNode,
     'CallExpression'
   )
-  if (err(_node1)) return
+
+  // For that reason, to prevent console noise, we do not use err here.
+  if (_node1 instanceof Error) {
+    console.warn('ast older than pathToNode, not fatal, eventually settles', '')
+    return
+  }
   const callExpression = _node1.node
 
   const constraints = getConstraintInfo(
@@ -234,6 +249,13 @@ const Overlay = ({
       state.matches({ Sketch: 'Rectangle tool' })
     )
 
+  // Line labels will cover the constraints overlay if this is not used.
+  // For each line label, ThreeJS increments each CSS2DObject z-index as they
+  // are added. I have looked into overriding renderOrder and depthTest and
+  // while renderOrder is set, ThreeJS still sets z-index on these 2D objects.
+  // It is easier to set this to a large number, such as a billion.
+  const zIndex = 1000000000
+
   return (
     <div className={`absolute w-0 h-0`}>
       <div
@@ -244,6 +266,7 @@ const Overlay = ({
         data-overlay-angle={overlay.angle}
         className="pointer-events-auto absolute w-0 h-0"
         style={{
+          zIndex,
           transform: `translate3d(${overlay.windowCoords[0]}px, ${overlay.windowCoords[1]}px, 0)`,
         }}
       ></div>
@@ -252,6 +275,7 @@ const Overlay = ({
           data-overlay-toolbar-index={overlayIndex}
           className={`px-0 pointer-events-auto absolute flex gap-1`}
           style={{
+            zIndex,
             transform: `translate3d(calc(${
               overlay.windowCoords[0] + xOffset
             }px + ${xAlignment}), calc(${
@@ -293,6 +317,7 @@ const Overlay = ({
           */}
           {callExpression?.callee?.name !== 'circle' && (
             <SegmentMenu
+              style={{ zIndex }}
               verticalPosition={
                 overlay.windowCoords[1] > window.innerHeight / 2
                   ? 'top'
@@ -434,15 +459,17 @@ const SegmentMenu = ({
   verticalPosition,
   pathToNode,
   stdLibFnName,
+  style,
 }: {
   verticalPosition: 'top' | 'bottom'
   pathToNode: PathToNode
   stdLibFnName: string
+  style?: CSSProperties
 }) => {
   const { send } = useModelingContext()
   const dependentSourceRanges = findUsesOfTagInPipe(kclManager.ast, pathToNode)
   return (
-    <Popover className="relative">
+    <Popover style={style} className="relative">
       {({ open }) => (
         <>
           <Popover.Button
@@ -637,10 +664,16 @@ const ConstraintSymbol = ({
                 kclManager.ast,
                 kclManager.programMemory
               )
+
               if (!transform) return
               const { modifiedAst } = transform
-              // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
+
-              kclManager.updateAst(modifiedAst, true)
+              await kclManager.updateAst(modifiedAst, true)
+
+              // Code editor will be updated in the modelingMachine.
+              const newCode = recast(modifiedAst)
+              if (err(newCode)) return
+              await codeManager.updateCodeEditor(newCode)
             } catch (e) {
               console.log('error', e)
             }

src/clientSideScene/constants.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// 63.5 is definitely a bit of a magic number, play with it until it looked right
+// if it were 64, that would feel like it's something in the engine where a random
+// power of 2 is used, but it's the 0.5 seems to make things look much more correct
+export const ZOOM_MAGIC_NUMBER = 63.5
+
+export const INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER = 1
+export const SKETCH_LAYER = 2
+
+export const RAYCASTABLE_PLANE = 'raycastable-plane'
+
+// redundant types so that it can be changed temporarily but CI will catch the wrong type
+export const DEBUG_SHOW_INTERSECTION_PLANE: false = false
+export const DEBUG_SHOW_BOTH_SCENES: false = false
+
+export const X_AXIS = 'xAxis'
+export const Y_AXIS = 'yAxis'
+export const AXIS_GROUP = 'axisGroup'
+export const SKETCH_GROUP_SEGMENTS = 'sketch-group-segments'
+export const ARROWHEAD = 'arrowhead'
+export const SEGMENT_LENGTH_LABEL = 'segment-length-label'
+export const SEGMENT_LENGTH_LABEL_TEXT = 'segment-length-label-text'
+export const SEGMENT_LENGTH_LABEL_OFFSET_PX = 30

src/clientSideScene/helpers.ts

@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@ import { compareVec2Epsilon2 } from 'lang/std/sketch'
 import {
   GridHelper,
   LineBasicMaterial,
-  OrthographicCamera,
   PerspectiveCamera,
-  Group,
-  Mesh,
   Quaternion,
   Vector3,
 } from 'three'
@@ -28,15 +25,9 @@ export function createGridHelper({
   gridHelper.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2
   return gridHelper
 }
-const fudgeFactor = 72.66985970437086
 
-export const orthoScale = (cam: OrthographicCamera | PerspectiveCamera) =>
+// Re-export scale.ts
-  (0.55 * fudgeFactor) / cam.zoom / window.innerHeight
+export * from './scale'
-
-export const perspScale = (cam: PerspectiveCamera, group: Group | Mesh) =>
-  (group.position.distanceTo(cam.position) * cam.fov * fudgeFactor) /
-  4000 /
-  window.innerHeight
 
 export function isQuaternionVertical(q: Quaternion) {
   const v = new Vector3(0, 0, 1).applyQuaternion(q)

src/clientSideScene/scale.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { OrthographicCamera, PerspectiveCamera, Group, Mesh } from 'three'
+
+export const fudgeFactor = 72.66985970437086
+
+export const orthoScale = (
+  cam: OrthographicCamera | PerspectiveCamera,
+  innerHeight?: number
+) => (0.55 * fudgeFactor) / cam.zoom / (innerHeight ?? window.innerHeight)
+
+export const perspScale = (
+  cam: PerspectiveCamera,
+  group: Group | Mesh,
+  innerHeight?: number
+) =>
+  (group.position.distanceTo(cam.position) * cam.fov * fudgeFactor) /
+  4000 /
+  (innerHeight ?? window.innerHeight)

src/clientSideScene/sceneEntities.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   Vector3,
 } from 'three'
 import {
+  ANGLE_SNAP_THRESHOLD_DEGREES,
   ARROWHEAD,
   AXIS_GROUP,
   DRAFT_POINT,
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ import { CSS2DObject } from 'three/examples/jsm/renderers/CSS2DRenderer'
 import { Point3d } from 'wasm-lib/kcl/bindings/Point3d'
 import { SegmentInputs } from 'lang/std/stdTypes'
 import { Node } from 'wasm-lib/kcl/bindings/Node'
+import { radToDeg } from 'three/src/math/MathUtils'
 
 type DraftSegment = 'line' | 'tangentialArcTo'
 
@@ -451,6 +453,7 @@ export class SceneEntities {
         const { modifiedAst } = addStartProfileAtRes
 
         await kclManager.updateAst(modifiedAst, false)
+
         this.removeIntersectionPlane()
         this.scene.remove(draftPointGroup)
 
@@ -683,7 +686,7 @@ export class SceneEntities {
     })
     return nextAst
   }
-  setUpDraftSegment = async (
+  setupDraftSegment = async (
     sketchPathToNode: PathToNode,
     forward: [number, number, number],
     up: [number, number, number],
@@ -798,11 +801,24 @@ export class SceneEntities {
             (sceneObject) => sceneObject.object.name === X_AXIS
           )
 
-          const lastSegment = sketch.paths.slice(-1)[0]
+          const lastSegment = sketch.paths.slice(-1)[0] || sketch.start
           const snappedPoint = {
             x: intersectsYAxis ? 0 : intersection2d.x,
             y: intersectsXAxis ? 0 : intersection2d.y,
           }
+          // Get the angle between the previous segment (or sketch start)'s end and this one's
+          const angle = Math.atan2(
+            snappedPoint.y - lastSegment.to[1],
+            snappedPoint.x - lastSegment.to[0]
+          )
+
+          const isHorizontal =
+            radToDeg(Math.abs(angle)) < ANGLE_SNAP_THRESHOLD_DEGREES ||
+            Math.abs(radToDeg(Math.abs(angle) - Math.PI)) <
+              ANGLE_SNAP_THRESHOLD_DEGREES
+          const isVertical =
+            Math.abs(radToDeg(Math.abs(angle) - Math.PI / 2)) <
+            ANGLE_SNAP_THRESHOLD_DEGREES
 
           let resolvedFunctionName: ToolTip = 'line'
 
@@ -810,6 +826,12 @@ export class SceneEntities {
           // case-based logic for different segment types
           if (lastSegment.type === 'TangentialArcTo') {
             resolvedFunctionName = 'tangentialArcTo'
+          } else if (isHorizontal) {
+            // If the angle between is 0 or 180 degrees (+/- the snapping angle), make the line an xLine
+            resolvedFunctionName = 'xLine'
+          } else if (isVertical) {
+            // If the angle between is 90 or 270 degrees (+/- the snapping angle), make the line a yLine
+            resolvedFunctionName = 'yLine'
           } else if (snappedPoint.x === 0 || snappedPoint.y === 0) {
             // We consider a point placed on axes or origin to be absolute
             resolvedFunctionName = 'lineTo'
@@ -835,10 +857,11 @@ export class SceneEntities {
         }
 
         await kclManager.executeAstMock(modifiedAst)
+
         if (intersectsProfileStart) {
           sceneInfra.modelingSend({ type: 'CancelSketch' })
         } else {
-          await this.setUpDraftSegment(
+          await this.setupDraftSegment(
             sketchPathToNode,
             forward,
             up,
@@ -846,6 +869,8 @@ export class SceneEntities {
             segmentName
           )
         }
+
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(modifiedAst)
       },
       onMove: (args) => {
         this.onDragSegment({
@@ -970,10 +995,14 @@ export class SceneEntities {
         if (trap(_node)) return
         const sketchInit = _node.node?.declarations?.[0]?.init
 
-        if (sketchInit.type === 'PipeExpression') {
+        if (sketchInit.type !== 'PipeExpression') {
+          return
+        }
+
         updateRectangleSketch(sketchInit, x, y, tags[0])
 
-          let _recastAst = parse(recast(_ast))
+        const newCode = recast(_ast)
+        let _recastAst = parse(newCode)
         if (trap(_recastAst)) return
         _ast = _recastAst
 
@@ -981,6 +1010,11 @@ export class SceneEntities {
         await kclManager.executeAstMock(_ast)
         sceneInfra.modelingSend({ type: 'Finish rectangle' })
 
+        // lee: I had this at the bottom of the function, but it's
+        // possible sketchFromKclValue "fails" when sketching on a face,
+        // and this couldn't wouldn't run.
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(_ast)
+
         const { execState } = await executeAst({
           ast: _ast,
           useFakeExecutor: true,
@@ -1006,7 +1040,6 @@ export class SceneEntities {
         sgPaths.forEach((seg, index) =>
           this.updateSegment(seg, index, 0, _ast, orthoFactor, sketch)
         )
-        }
       },
     })
   }
@@ -1166,13 +1199,17 @@ export class SceneEntities {
           if (err(moddedResult)) return
           modded = moddedResult.modifiedAst
 
-          let _recastAst = parse(recast(modded))
+          const newCode = recast(modded)
+          if (err(newCode)) return
+          let _recastAst = parse(newCode)
           if (trap(_recastAst)) return Promise.reject(_recastAst)
           _ast = _recastAst
 
           // Update the primary AST and unequip the rectangle tool
           await kclManager.executeAstMock(_ast)
           sceneInfra.modelingSend({ type: 'Finish circle' })
+
+          await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(_ast)
         }
       },
     })
@@ -1208,6 +1245,7 @@ export class SceneEntities {
             forward,
             position,
           })
+          await codeManager.writeToFile()
         }
       },
       onDrag: async ({

src/clientSideScene/sceneInfra.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ export const RAYCASTABLE_PLANE = 'raycastable-plane'
 
 export const X_AXIS = 'xAxis'
 export const Y_AXIS = 'yAxis'
+/** If a segment angle is less than this many degrees off a meanginful angle it'll snap to it */
+export const ANGLE_SNAP_THRESHOLD_DEGREES = 3
 /** the THREEjs representation of the group surrounding a "snapped" point that is not yet placed */
 export const DRAFT_POINT_GROUP = 'draft-point-group'
 /** the THREEjs representation of a "snapped" point that is not yet placed */
@@ -289,14 +291,14 @@ export class SceneInfra {
       engineCommandManager
     )
     this.camControls.subscribeToCamChange(() => this.onCameraChange())
-    this.camControls.camera.layers.enable(SKETCH_LAYER)
+    this.camControls.camera.layers.enable(constants.SKETCH_LAYER)
-    if (DEBUG_SHOW_INTERSECTION_PLANE)
+    if (constants.DEBUG_SHOW_INTERSECTION_PLANE)
-      this.camControls.camera.layers.enable(INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER)
+      this.camControls.camera.layers.enable(constants.INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER)
 
     // RAYCASTERS
-    this.raycaster.layers.enable(SKETCH_LAYER)
+    this.raycaster.layers.enable(constants.SKETCH_LAYER)
     this.raycaster.layers.disable(0)
-    this.planeRaycaster.layers.enable(INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER)
+    this.planeRaycaster.layers.enable(constants.INTERSECTION_PLANE_LAYER)
 
     // GRID
     const size = 100
@@ -331,7 +333,7 @@ export class SceneInfra {
       this.camControls.target
     )
     const axisGroup = this.scene
-      .getObjectByName(AXIS_GROUP)
+      .getObjectByName(constants.AXIS_GROUP)
       ?.getObjectByName('gridHelper')
     axisGroup?.name === 'gridHelper' && axisGroup.scale.set(scale, scale, scale)
   }
@@ -342,7 +344,6 @@ export class SceneInfra {
   }
 
   animate = () => {
-    requestAnimationFrame(this.animate)
     TWEEN.update() // This will update all tweens during the animation loop
     if (!this.isFovAnimationInProgress) {
       // console.log('animation frame', this.cameraControls.camera)
@@ -350,6 +351,7 @@ export class SceneInfra {
       this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camControls.camera)
       this.labelRenderer.render(this.scene, this.camControls.camera)
     }
+    requestAnimationFrame(this.animate)
   }
 
   dispose = () => {
@@ -653,11 +655,11 @@ export class SceneInfra {
   }
   updateOtherSelectionColors = (otherSelections: Axis[]) => {
     const axisGroup = this.scene.children.find(
-      ({ userData }) => userData?.type === AXIS_GROUP
+      ({ userData }) => userData?.type === constants.AXIS_GROUP
     )
     const axisMap: { [key: string]: Axis } = {
-      [X_AXIS]: 'x-axis',
+      [constants.X_AXIS]: 'x-axis',
-      [Y_AXIS]: 'y-axis',
+      [constants.Y_AXIS]: 'y-axis',
     }
     axisGroup?.children.forEach((_mesh) => {
       const mesh = _mesh as Mesh

src/clientSideScene/segments.ts

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ class StraightSegment implements SegmentUtils {
       sceneInfra.updateOverlayDetails({
         arrowGroup,
         group,
-        isHandlesVisible,
+        isHandlesVisible: true,
         from,
         to,
       })
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ class TangentialArcToSegment implements SegmentUtils {
       sceneInfra.updateOverlayDetails({
         arrowGroup,
         group,
-        isHandlesVisible,
+        isHandlesVisible: true,
         from,
         to,
         angle,
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ class CircleSegment implements SegmentUtils {
     }
     group.name = CIRCLE_SEGMENT
 
-    group.add(arcMesh, arrowGroup, circleCenterGroup, radiusIndicatorGroup)
+    group.add(arcMesh, arrowGroup, circleCenterGroup)
     const updateOverlaysCallback = this.update({
       prevSegment,
       input,
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ class CircleSegment implements SegmentUtils {
       sceneInfra.updateOverlayDetails({
         arrowGroup,
         group,
-        isHandlesVisible,
+        isHandlesVisible: true,
         from: from,
         to: [center[0], center[1]],
         angle: Math.PI / 4,

src/components/AvailableVarsHelpers.tsx

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function useCalc({
       const _programMem: ProgramMemory = ProgramMemory.empty()
       for (const { key, value } of availableVarInfo.variables) {
         const error = _programMem.set(key, {
-          type: 'UserVal',
+          type: 'String',
           value,
           __meta: [],
         })

src/components/CommandBar/CommandBar.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { Dialog, Popover, Transition } from '@headlessui/react'
 import { Fragment, useEffect } from 'react'
 import { useCommandsContext } from 'hooks/useCommandsContext'
+import { useNetworkContext } from 'hooks/useNetworkContext'
+import { EngineConnectionStateType } from 'lang/std/engineConnection'
 import CommandBarArgument from './CommandBarArgument'
 import CommandComboBox from '../CommandComboBox'
 import CommandBarReview from './CommandBarReview'
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ export const COMMAND_PALETTE_HOTKEY = 'mod+k'
 export const CommandBar = () => {
   const { pathname } = useLocation()
   const { commandBarState, commandBarSend } = useCommandsContext()
+  const { immediateState } = useNetworkContext()
   const {
     context: { selectedCommand, currentArgument, commands },
   } = commandBarState
@@ -25,6 +28,14 @@ export const CommandBar = () => {
     commandBarSend({ type: 'Close' })
   }, [pathname])
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (
+      immediateState.type !== EngineConnectionStateType.ConnectionEstablished
+    ) {
+      commandBarSend({ type: 'Close' })
+    }
+  }, [immediateState])
+
   // Hook up keyboard shortcuts
   useHotkeyWrapper([COMMAND_PALETTE_HOTKEY], () => {
     if (commandBarState.context.commands.length === 0) return

src/components/CommandBarOpenButton.tsx

@@ -2,13 +2,20 @@ import { useCommandsContext } from 'hooks/useCommandsContext'
 import usePlatform from 'hooks/usePlatform'
 import { hotkeyDisplay } from 'lib/hotkeyWrapper'
 import { COMMAND_PALETTE_HOTKEY } from './CommandBar/CommandBar'
+import { useNetworkContext } from 'hooks/useNetworkContext'
+import { EngineConnectionStateType } from 'lang/std/engineConnection'
 
 export function CommandBarOpenButton() {
   const { commandBarSend } = useCommandsContext()
+  const { immediateState } = useNetworkContext()
   const platform = usePlatform()
 
+  const isDisabled =
+    immediateState.type !== EngineConnectionStateType.ConnectionEstablished
+
   return (
     <button
+      disabled={isDisabled}
       className="group rounded-full flex items-center justify-center gap-2 px-2 py-1 bg-primary/10 dark:bg-chalkboard-90 dark:backdrop-blur-sm border-primary hover:border-primary dark:border-chalkboard-50 dark:hover:border-inherit text-primary dark:text-inherit"
       onClick={() => commandBarSend({ type: 'Open' })}
       data-testid="command-bar-open-button"

src/components/EngineStream.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+import { MouseEventHandler, useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useAppState } from 'AppState'
+import { useSettingsAuthContext } from 'hooks/useSettingsAuthContext'
+import { useModelingContext } from 'hooks/useModelingContext'
+import { useNetworkContext } from 'hooks/useNetworkContext'
+import { NetworkHealthState } from 'hooks/useNetworkStatus'
+import { ClientSideScene } from 'clientSideScene/ClientSideSceneComp'
+import { btnName } from 'lib/cameraControls'
+import { trap } from 'lib/trap'
+import { sendSelectEventToEngine } from 'lib/selections'
+import { kclManager, engineCommandManager } from 'lib/singletons'
+import { EngineCommandManagerEvents } from 'lang/std/engineConnection'
+import { useRouteLoaderData } from 'react-router-dom'
+import { PATHS } from 'lib/paths'
+import { IndexLoaderData } from 'lib/types'
+import useEngineStreamContext, {
+  EngineStreamState,
+  EngineStreamTransition,
+} from 'hooks/useEngineStreamContext'
+import { REASONABLE_TIME_TO_REFRESH_STREAM_SIZE } from 'lib/timings'
+
+export const EngineStream = () => {
+  const { setAppState } = useAppState()
+
+  const { overallState } = useNetworkContext()
+  const { settings } = useSettingsAuthContext()
+  const { file } = useRouteLoaderData(PATHS.FILE) as IndexLoaderData
+  const last = useRef<number>(Date.now())
+
+  const settingsEngine = {
+    theme: settings.context.app.theme.current,
+    enableSSAO: settings.context.app.enableSSAO.current,
+    highlightEdges: settings.context.modeling.highlightEdges.current,
+    showScaleGrid: settings.context.modeling.showScaleGrid.current,
+    cameraProjection: settings.context.modeling.cameraProjection.current,
+  }
+
+  const { state: modelingMachineState, send: modelingMachineActorSend } =
+    useModelingContext()
+
+  const engineStreamActor = useEngineStreamContext.useActorRef()
+  const engineStreamState = engineStreamActor.getSnapshot()
+
+  const streamIdleMode = settings.context.app.streamIdleMode.current
+
+  const configure = () => {
+    engineStreamActor.send({
+      type: EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine,
+      modelingMachineActorSend,
+      settings: settingsEngine,
+      setAppState,
+
+      // It's possible a reconnect happens as we drag the window :')
+      onMediaStream(mediaStream: MediaStream) {
+        engineStreamActor.send({
+          type: EngineStreamTransition.SetMediaStream,
+          mediaStream,
+        })
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const play = () => {
+      engineStreamActor.send({
+        type: EngineStreamTransition.Play,
+      })
+    }
+    engineCommandManager.addEventListener(
+      EngineCommandManagerEvents.SceneReady,
+      play
+    )
+
+    return () => {
+      engineCommandManager.removeEventListener(
+        EngineCommandManagerEvents.SceneReady,
+        play
+      )
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const video = engineStreamState.context.videoRef?.current
+    if (!video) return
+    const canvas = engineStreamState.context.canvasRef?.current
+    if (!canvas) return
+
+    new ResizeObserver(() => {
+      if (Date.now() - last.current < REASONABLE_TIME_TO_REFRESH_STREAM_SIZE)
+        return
+      last.current = Date.now()
+
+      if (
+        Math.abs(video.width - window.innerWidth) > 4 ||
+        Math.abs(video.height - window.innerHeight) > 4
+      ) {
+        timeoutStart.current = Date.now()
+        configure()
+      }
+    }).observe(document.body)
+  }, [engineStreamState.value])
+
+  // When the video and canvas element references are set, start the engine.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (
+      engineStreamState.context.canvasRef.current &&
+      engineStreamState.context.videoRef.current
+    ) {
+      engineStreamActor.send({
+        type: EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine,
+        modelingMachineActorSend,
+        settings: settingsEngine,
+        setAppState,
+        onMediaStream(mediaStream: MediaStream) {
+          engineStreamActor.send({
+            type: EngineStreamTransition.SetMediaStream,
+            mediaStream,
+          })
+        },
+      })
+    }
+  }, [
+    engineStreamState.context.canvasRef.current,
+    engineStreamState.context.videoRef.current,
+  ])
+
+  // On settings change, reconfigure the engine. When paused this gets really tricky,
+  // and also requires onMediaStream to be set!
+  useEffect(() => {
+    engineStreamActor.send({
+      type: EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine,
+      modelingMachineActorSend,
+      settings: settingsEngine,
+      setAppState,
+      onMediaStream(mediaStream: MediaStream) {
+        engineStreamActor.send({
+          type: EngineStreamTransition.SetMediaStream,
+          mediaStream,
+        })
+      },
+    })
+  }, [settings.context])
+
+  /**
+   * Subscribe to execute code when the file changes
+   * but only if the scene is already ready.
+   * See onSceneReady for the initial scene setup.
+   */
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (engineCommandManager.engineConnection?.isReady() && file?.path) {
+      console.log('execute on file change')
+      void kclManager.executeCode(true).catch(trap)
+    }
+  }, [file?.path, engineCommandManager.engineConnection])
+
+  const IDLE_TIME_MS = Number(streamIdleMode)
+
+  // When streamIdleMode is changed, setup or teardown the timeouts
+  const timeoutStart = useRef<number | null>(null)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    timeoutStart.current = streamIdleMode ? Date.now() : null
+  }, [streamIdleMode])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let frameId: ReturnType<typeof window.requestAnimationFrame> = 0
+    const frameLoop = () => {
+      // Do not pause if the user is in the middle of an operation
+      if (!modelingMachineState.matches('idle')) {
+        // In fact, stop the timeout, because we don't want to trigger the
+        // pause when we exit the operation.
+        timeoutStart.current = null
+      } else if (timeoutStart.current) {
+        const elapsed = Date.now() - timeoutStart.current
+        if (elapsed >= IDLE_TIME_MS) {
+          timeoutStart.current = null
+          engineStreamActor.send({ type: EngineStreamTransition.Pause })
+        }
+      }
+      frameId = window.requestAnimationFrame(frameLoop)
+    }
+    frameId = window.requestAnimationFrame(frameLoop)
+
+    return () => {
+      window.cancelAnimationFrame(frameId)
+    }
+  }, [modelingMachineState])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!streamIdleMode) return
+
+    const onAnyInput = () => {
+      // Just in case it happens in the middle of the user turning off
+      // idle mode.
+      if (!streamIdleMode) {
+        timeoutStart.current = null
+        return
+      }
+
+      if (engineStreamState.value === EngineStreamState.Paused) {
+        engineStreamActor.send({
+          type: EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine,
+          modelingMachineActorSend,
+          settings: settingsEngine,
+          setAppState,
+          onMediaStream(mediaStream: MediaStream) {
+            engineStreamActor.send({
+              type: EngineStreamTransition.SetMediaStream,
+              mediaStream,
+            })
+          },
+        })
+      }
+
+      timeoutStart.current = Date.now()
+    }
+
+    // It's possible after a reconnect, the user doesn't move their mouse at
+    // all, meaning the timer is not reset to run. We need to set it every
+    // time our effect dependencies change then.
+    timeoutStart.current = Date.now()
+
+    window.document.addEventListener('keydown', onAnyInput)
+    window.document.addEventListener('keyup', onAnyInput)
+    window.document.addEventListener('mousemove', onAnyInput)
+    window.document.addEventListener('mousedown', onAnyInput)
+    window.document.addEventListener('mouseup', onAnyInput)
+    window.document.addEventListener('scroll', onAnyInput)
+    window.document.addEventListener('touchstart', onAnyInput)
+    window.document.addEventListener('touchstop', onAnyInput)
+
+    return () => {
+      timeoutStart.current = null
+      window.document.removeEventListener('keydown', onAnyInput)
+      window.document.removeEventListener('keyup', onAnyInput)
+      window.document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onAnyInput)
+      window.document.removeEventListener('mousedown', onAnyInput)
+      window.document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onAnyInput)
+      window.document.removeEventListener('scroll', onAnyInput)
+      window.document.removeEventListener('touchstart', onAnyInput)
+      window.document.removeEventListener('touchstop', onAnyInput)
+    }
+  }, [streamIdleMode, engineStreamState.value])
+
+  const isNetworkOkay =
+    overallState === NetworkHealthState.Ok ||
+    overallState === NetworkHealthState.Weak
+
+  const handleMouseUp: MouseEventHandler<HTMLDivElement> = (e) => {
+    if (!isNetworkOkay) return
+    if (!engineStreamState.context.videoRef.current) return
+    if (modelingMachineState.matches('Sketch')) return
+    if (modelingMachineState.matches({ idle: 'showPlanes' })) return
+
+    if (btnName(e.nativeEvent).left) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
+      sendSelectEventToEngine(e, engineStreamState.context.videoRef.current)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className="absolute inset-0 z-0"
+      id="stream"
+      data-testid="stream"
+      onMouseUp={handleMouseUp}
+      onContextMenu={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
+      onContextMenuCapture={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
+    >
+      <video
+        autoPlay
+        muted
+        key={engineStreamActor.id + 'video'}
+        ref={engineStreamState.context.videoRef}
+        controls={false}
+        className="cursor-pointer"
+        disablePictureInPicture
+        id="video-stream"
+      />
+      <canvas
+        key={engineStreamActor.id + 'canvas'}
+        ref={engineStreamState.context.canvasRef}
+        className="cursor-pointer"
+        id="freeze-frame"
+      >
+        No canvas support
+      </canvas>
+      <ClientSideScene
+        cameraControls={settings.context.modeling.mouseControls.current}
+      />
+    </div>
+  )
+}

src/components/FileTree.tsx

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import usePlatform from 'hooks/usePlatform'
 import { FileEntry } from 'lib/project'
 import { useFileSystemWatcher } from 'hooks/useFileSystemWatcher'
 import { normalizeLineEndings } from 'lib/codeEditor'
+import { reportRejection } from 'lib/trap'
 
 function getIndentationCSS(level: number) {
   return `calc(1rem * ${level + 1})`
@@ -196,8 +197,7 @@ const FileTreeItem = ({
         return
       }
 
-      // Don't try to read a file that was removed.
+      if (isCurrentFile && eventType === 'change') {
-      if (isCurrentFile && eventType !== 'unlink') {
         let code = await window.electron.readFile(path, { encoding: 'utf-8' })
         code = normalizeLineEndings(code)
         codeManager.updateCodeStateEditor(code)
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ const FileTreeItem = ({
       // Show the renaming form
       addCurrentItemToRenaming()
     } else if (e.code === 'Space') {
-      void handleClick()
+      void handleClick().catch(reportRejection)
     }
   }
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ const FileTreeItem = ({
               style={{ paddingInlineStart: getIndentationCSS(level) }}
               onClick={(e) => {
                 e.currentTarget.focus()
-                void handleClick()
+                void handleClick().catch(reportRejection)
               }}
               onKeyUp={handleKeyUp}
             >

src/components/ModelStateIndicator.tsx

@@ -1,40 +1,47 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
 import { useEngineCommands } from './EngineCommands'
-import { Spinner } from './Spinner'
 import { CustomIcon } from './CustomIcon'
+import useEngineStreamContext, {
+  EngineStreamState,
+} from 'hooks/useEngineStreamContext'
+import { CommandLogType } from 'lang/std/engineConnection'
 
 export const ModelStateIndicator = () => {
   const [commands] = useEngineCommands()
+  const [isDone, setIsDone] = useState<boolean>(false)
+
+  const engineStreamActor = useEngineStreamContext.useActorRef()
+  const engineStreamState = engineStreamActor.getSnapshot()
 
   const lastCommandType = commands[commands.length - 1]?.type
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (lastCommandType === CommandLogType.SetDefaultSystemProperties) {
+      setIsDone(false)
+    }
+    if (lastCommandType === CommandLogType.ExecutionDone) {
+      setIsDone(true)
+    }
+  }, [lastCommandType])
+
   let className = 'w-6 h-6 '
-  let icon = <Spinner className={className} />
+  let icon = <div className={className}></div>
   let dataTestId = 'model-state-indicator'
 
-  if (lastCommandType === 'receive-reliable') {
+  if (engineStreamState.value === EngineStreamState.Paused) {
-    className +=
+    className += 'text-secondary'
-      'bg-chalkboard-20 dark:bg-chalkboard-80 !group-disabled:bg-chalkboard-30 !dark:group-disabled:bg-chalkboard-80 rounded-sm bg-succeed-10/30 dark:bg-succeed'
+    icon = <CustomIcon data-testid={dataTestId + '-paused'} name="parallel" />
-    icon = (
+  } else if (engineStreamState.value === EngineStreamState.Resuming) {
-      <CustomIcon
+    className += 'text-secondary'
-        data-testid={dataTestId + '-receive-reliable'}
+    icon = <CustomIcon data-testid={dataTestId + '-resuming'} name="parallel" />
-        name="checkmark"
+  } else if (isDone) {
-      />
+    className += 'text-secondary'
-    )
-  } else if (lastCommandType === 'execution-done') {
-    className +=
-      'border-6 border border-solid border-chalkboard-60 dark:border-chalkboard-80 bg-chalkboard-20 dark:bg-chalkboard-80 !group-disabled:bg-chalkboard-30 !dark:group-disabled:bg-chalkboard-80 rounded-sm bg-succeed-10/30 dark:bg-succeed'
     icon = (
       <CustomIcon
         data-testid={dataTestId + '-execution-done'}
         name="checkmark"
       />
     )
-  } else if (lastCommandType === 'export-done') {
-    className +=
-      'border-6 border border-solid border-chalkboard-60 dark:border-chalkboard-80 bg-chalkboard-20 dark:bg-chalkboard-80 !group-disabled:bg-chalkboard-30 !dark:group-disabled:bg-chalkboard-80 rounded-sm bg-succeed-10/30 dark:bg-succeed'
-    icon = (
-      <CustomIcon data-testid={dataTestId + '-export-done'} name="checkmark" />
-    )
   }
 
   return (

src/components/ModelingMachineProvider.tsx

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import {
   modelingMachine,
   modelingMachineDefaultContext,
 } from 'machines/modelingMachine'
-import { useSetupEngineManager } from 'hooks/useSetupEngineManager'
 import { useSettingsAuthContext } from 'hooks/useSettingsAuthContext'
 import {
   isCursorInSketchCommandRange,
@@ -112,13 +111,8 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
     auth,
     settings: {
       context: {
-        app: { theme, enableSSAO },
+        app: { theme },
-        modeling: {
+        modeling: { defaultUnit, highlightEdges, cameraProjection },
-          defaultUnit,
-          cameraProjection,
-          highlightEdges,
-          showScaleGrid,
-        },
       },
     },
   } = useSettingsAuthContext()
@@ -129,9 +123,6 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
   const streamRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
   const persistedContext = useMemo(() => getPersistedContext(), [])
 
-  let [searchParams] = useSearchParams()
-  const pool = searchParams.get('pool')
-
   const { commandBarState, commandBarSend } = useCommandsContext()
 
   // Settings machine setup
@@ -304,6 +295,7 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
             const dispatchSelection = (selection?: EditorSelection) => {
               if (!selection) return // TODO less of hack for the below please
               if (!editorManager.editorView) return
+
               setTimeout(() => {
                 if (!editorManager.editorView) return
                 editorManager.editorView.dispatch({
@@ -657,6 +649,9 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
               engineCommandManager,
               input.faceId
             )
+            await sceneInfra.camControls.centerModelRelativeToPanes({
+              resetLastPaneWidth: true,
+            })
             sceneInfra.camControls.syncDirection = 'clientToEngine'
             return {
               sketchPathToNode: pathToNewSketchNode,
@@ -677,6 +672,9 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
             engineCommandManager,
             input.planeId
           )
+          await sceneInfra.camControls.centerModelRelativeToPanes({
+            resetLastPaneWidth: true,
+          })
 
           return {
             sketchPathToNode: pathToNode,
@@ -699,6 +697,9 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
               engineCommandManager,
               info?.sketchDetails?.faceId || ''
             )
+            await sceneInfra.camControls.centerModelRelativeToPanes({
+              resetLastPaneWidth: true,
+            })
             return {
               sketchPathToNode: sketchPathToNode || [],
               zAxis: info.sketchDetails.zAxis || null,
@@ -732,6 +733,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               pathToNodeMap,
               selectionRanges,
@@ -768,6 +774,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               pathToNodeMap,
               selectionRanges,
@@ -813,6 +824,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               pathToNodeMap,
               selectionRanges,
@@ -846,6 +862,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               pathToNodeMap,
               selectionRanges,
@@ -881,6 +902,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               pathToNodeMap,
               selectionRanges,
@@ -917,6 +943,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               pathToNodeMap,
               selectionRanges,
@@ -953,6 +984,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               pathToNodeMap,
               selectionRanges,
@@ -999,6 +1035,11 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
                 sketchDetails.origin
               )
             if (err(updatedAst)) return Promise.reject(updatedAst)
+
+            await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(
+              updatedAst.newAst
+            )
+
             const selection = updateSelections(
               { 0: pathToReplacedNode },
               selectionRanges,
@@ -1027,21 +1068,6 @@ export const ModelingMachineProvider = ({
     }
   )
 
-  useSetupEngineManager(
-    streamRef,
-    modelingSend,
-    modelingState.context,
-    {
-      pool: pool,
-      theme: theme.current,
-      highlightEdges: highlightEdges.current,
-      enableSSAO: enableSSAO.current,
-      showScaleGrid: showScaleGrid.current,
-      cameraProjection: cameraProjection.current,
-    },
-    token
-  )
-
   useEffect(() => {
     kclManager.registerExecuteCallback(() => {
       modelingSend({ type: 'Re-execute' })

src/components/ModelingSidebar/ModelingPanes/MemoryPane.tsx

@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ export const processMemory = (programMemory: ProgramMemory) => {
   const processedMemory: any = {}
   for (const [key, val] of programMemory?.visibleEntries()) {
     if (
-      (val.type === 'UserVal' && val.value.type === 'Sketch') ||
+      val.type === 'Sketch' ||
       // @ts-ignore
-      (val.type !== 'Function' && val.type !== 'UserVal')
+      val.type !== 'Function'
     ) {
       const sg = sketchFromKclValue(val, key)
       if (val.type === 'Solid') {
@@ -110,8 +110,6 @@ export const processMemory = (programMemory: ProgramMemory) => {
       processedMemory[key] = `__function(${(val as any)?.expression?.params
         ?.map?.(({ identifier }: any) => identifier?.name || '')
         .join(', ')})__`
-    } else {
-      processedMemory[key] = val.value
     }
   }
   return processedMemory

src/components/ModelingSidebar/ModelingSidebar.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ import {
   useEffect,
   useMemo,
   useContext,
+  MutableRefObject,
+  forwardRef,
+  // https://stackoverflow.com/a/77055468 Thank you.
+  useImperativeHandle,
+  useRef,
 } from 'react'
 import { useHotkeys } from 'react-hotkeys-hook'
 import { SidebarAction, SidebarType, sidebarPanes } from './ModelingPanes'
@@ -19,9 +24,12 @@ import { useCommandsContext } from 'hooks/useCommandsContext'
 import { IconDefinition } from '@fortawesome/free-solid-svg-icons'
 import { useKclContext } from 'lang/KclProvider'
 import { MachineManagerContext } from 'components/MachineManagerProvider'
+import { sceneInfra } from 'lib/singletons'
+import { REASONABLE_TIME_TO_REFRESH_STREAM_SIZE } from 'lib/timings'
 
 interface ModelingSidebarProps {
   paneOpacity: '' | 'opacity-20' | 'opacity-40'
+  ref: MutableRefObject<HTMLDivElement>
 }
 
 interface BadgeInfoComputed {
@@ -33,19 +41,34 @@ function getPlatformString(): 'web' | 'desktop' {
   return isDesktop() ? 'desktop' : 'web'
 }
 
-export function ModelingSidebar({ paneOpacity }: ModelingSidebarProps) {
+export const ModelingSidebar = forwardRef<
+  HTMLUListElement,
+  ModelingSidebarProps
+>(function ModelingSidebar({ paneOpacity }, outerRef) {
   const machineManager = useContext(MachineManagerContext)
   const { commandBarSend } = useCommandsContext()
   const kclContext = useKclContext()
   const { settings } = useSettingsAuthContext()
   const onboardingStatus = settings.context.app.onboardingStatus
-  const { send, context } = useModelingContext()
+  const { send, state, context } = useModelingContext()
   const pointerEventsCssClass =
     onboardingStatus.current === 'camera' ||
     context.store?.openPanes.length === 0
       ? 'pointer-events-none '
       : 'pointer-events-auto '
   const showDebugPanel = settings.context.modeling.showDebugPanel
+  const innerRef = useRef<HTMLUListElement>(null)
+
+  // forwardRef's type causes me to do this type narrowing.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (typeof outerRef === 'function') {
+      outerRef(innerRef.current)
+    } else {
+      if (outerRef) {
+        outerRef.current = innerRef.current
+      }
+    }
+  }, [innerRef.current])
 
   const paneCallbackProps = useMemo(
     () => ({
@@ -159,8 +182,37 @@ export function ModelingSidebar({ paneOpacity }: ModelingSidebarProps) {
     [context.store?.openPanes, send]
   )
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    // Don't send camera adjustment commands after 1 pane is open. It
+    // won't make any difference.
+    if (context.store?.openPanes.length > 1) return
+
+    void sceneInfra.camControls.centerModelRelativeToPanes()
+  }, [context.store?.openPanes])
+
+  // If the panes are resized then center the model also
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!innerRef.current) return
+
+    let last = Date.now()
+    const observer = new ResizeObserver(() => {
+      if (Date.now() - last < REASONABLE_TIME_TO_REFRESH_STREAM_SIZE) return
+      if (!innerRef.current) return
+
+      last = Date.now()
+      void sceneInfra.camControls.centerModelRelativeToPanes()
+    })
+
+    observer.observe(innerRef.current)
+
+    return () => {
+      observer.disconnect()
+    }
+  }, [state, innerRef.current])
+
   return (
     <Resizable
+      data-testid="modeling-sidebar"
       className={`group flex-1 flex flex-col z-10 my-2 pr-1 ${paneOpacity} ${pointerEventsCssClass}`}
       defaultSize={{
         width: '550px',
@@ -192,6 +244,7 @@ export function ModelingSidebar({ paneOpacity }: ModelingSidebarProps) {
         >
           <ul
             id="pane-buttons-section"
+            data-testid="pane-buttons-section"
             className={
               'w-fit p-2 flex flex-col gap-2 ' +
               (context.store?.openPanes.length >= 1 ? 'pr-0.5' : '')
@@ -236,6 +289,8 @@ export function ModelingSidebar({ paneOpacity }: ModelingSidebarProps) {
         </ul>
         <ul
           id="pane-section"
+          data-testid="pane-section"
+          ref={innerRef}
           className={
             'ml-[-1px] col-start-2 col-span-1 flex flex-col items-stretch gap-2 ' +
             (context.store?.openPanes.length >= 1 ? `w-full` : `hidden`)
@@ -265,7 +320,7 @@ export function ModelingSidebar({ paneOpacity }: ModelingSidebarProps) {
       </div>
     </Resizable>
   )
-}
+})
 
 interface ModelingPaneButtonProps
   extends React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> {

src/components/Stream.tsx

@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
-import { MouseEventHandler, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
-import Loading from './Loading'
-import { useSettingsAuthContext } from 'hooks/useSettingsAuthContext'
-import { useModelingContext } from 'hooks/useModelingContext'
-import { useNetworkContext } from 'hooks/useNetworkContext'
-import { NetworkHealthState } from 'hooks/useNetworkStatus'
-import { ClientSideScene } from 'clientSideScene/ClientSideSceneComp'
-import { btnName } from 'lib/cameraControls'
-import { sendSelectEventToEngine } from 'lib/selections'
-import { kclManager, engineCommandManager, sceneInfra } from 'lib/singletons'
-import { useAppStream } from 'AppState'
-import {
-  EngineCommandManagerEvents,
-  EngineConnectionStateType,
-  DisconnectingType,
-} from 'lang/std/engineConnection'
-import { useRouteLoaderData } from 'react-router-dom'
-import { PATHS } from 'lib/paths'
-import { IndexLoaderData } from 'lib/types'
-
-enum StreamState {
-  Playing = 'playing',
-  Paused = 'paused',
-  Resuming = 'resuming',
-  Unset = 'unset',
-}
-
-export const Stream = () => {
-  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true)
-  const videoRef = useRef<HTMLVideoElement>(null)
-  const { settings } = useSettingsAuthContext()
-  const { state, send } = useModelingContext()
-  const { mediaStream } = useAppStream()
-  const { overallState, immediateState } = useNetworkContext()
-  const [streamState, setStreamState] = useState(StreamState.Unset)
-  const { file } = useRouteLoaderData(PATHS.FILE) as IndexLoaderData
-
-  const IDLE = settings.context.app.streamIdleMode.current
-
-  const isNetworkOkay =
-    overallState === NetworkHealthState.Ok ||
-    overallState === NetworkHealthState.Weak
-
-  /**
-   * Execute code and show a "building scene message"
-   * in Stream.tsx in the meantime.
-   *
-   * I would like for this to live somewhere more central,
-   * but it seems to me that we need the video element ref
-   * to be able to play the video after the code has been
-   * executed. If we can find a way to do this from a more
-   * central place, we can move this code there.
-   */
-  function executeCodeAndPlayStream() {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-    kclManager.executeCode(true).then(async () => {
-      await videoRef.current?.play().catch((e) => {
-        console.warn('Video playing was prevented', e, videoRef.current)
-      })
-      setStreamState(StreamState.Playing)
-    })
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Subscribe to execute code when the file changes
-   * but only if the scene is already ready.
-   * See onSceneReady for the initial scene setup.
-   */
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (engineCommandManager.engineConnection?.isReady() && file?.path) {
-      console.log('execute on file change')
-      executeCodeAndPlayStream()
-    }
-  }, [file?.path, engineCommandManager.engineConnection])
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (
-      immediateState.type === EngineConnectionStateType.Disconnecting &&
-      immediateState.value.type === DisconnectingType.Pause
-    ) {
-      setStreamState(StreamState.Paused)
-    }
-  }, [immediateState])
-
-  // Linux has a default behavior to paste text on middle mouse up
-  // This adds a listener to block that pasting if the click target
-  // is not a text input, so users can move in the 3D scene with
-  // middle mouse drag with a text input focused without pasting.
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const handlePaste = (e: ClipboardEvent) => {
-      const isHtmlElement = e.target && e.target instanceof HTMLElement
-      const isEditable =
-        (isHtmlElement && !('explicitOriginalTarget' in e)) ||
-        ('explicitOriginalTarget' in e &&
-          ((e.explicitOriginalTarget as HTMLElement).contentEditable ===
-            'true' ||
-            ['INPUT', 'TEXTAREA'].some(
-              (tagName) =>
-                tagName === (e.explicitOriginalTarget as HTMLElement).tagName
-            )))
-      if (!isEditable) {
-        e.preventDefault()
-        e.stopPropagation()
-        e.stopImmediatePropagation()
-      }
-    }
-
-    globalThis?.window?.document?.addEventListener('paste', handlePaste, {
-      capture: true,
-    })
-
-    const IDLE_TIME_MS = 1000 * 60 * 2
-    let timeoutIdIdleA: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined = undefined
-
-    const teardown = () => {
-      // Already paused
-      if (streamState === StreamState.Paused) return
-
-      videoRef.current?.pause()
-      setStreamState(StreamState.Paused)
-      sceneInfra.modelingSend({ type: 'Cancel' })
-      // Give video time to pause
-      window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-        engineCommandManager.tearDown({ idleMode: true })
-      })
-    }
-
-    const onVisibilityChange = () => {
-      if (globalThis.window.document.visibilityState === 'hidden') {
-        clearTimeout(timeoutIdIdleA)
-        timeoutIdIdleA = setTimeout(teardown, IDLE_TIME_MS)
-      } else if (!engineCommandManager.engineConnection?.isReady()) {
-        clearTimeout(timeoutIdIdleA)
-        setStreamState(StreamState.Resuming)
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Teardown everything if we go hidden or reconnect
-    if (IDLE) {
-      globalThis?.window?.document?.addEventListener(
-        'visibilitychange',
-        onVisibilityChange
-      )
-    }
-
-    let timeoutIdIdleB: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined = undefined
-
-    const onAnyInput = () => {
-      if (streamState === StreamState.Playing) {
-        // Clear both timers
-        clearTimeout(timeoutIdIdleA)
-        clearTimeout(timeoutIdIdleB)
-        timeoutIdIdleB = setTimeout(teardown, IDLE_TIME_MS)
-      }
-      if (streamState === StreamState.Paused) {
-        setStreamState(StreamState.Resuming)
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (IDLE) {
-      globalThis?.window?.document?.addEventListener('keydown', onAnyInput)
-      globalThis?.window?.document?.addEventListener('mousemove', onAnyInput)
-      globalThis?.window?.document?.addEventListener('mousedown', onAnyInput)
-      globalThis?.window?.document?.addEventListener('scroll', onAnyInput)
-      globalThis?.window?.document?.addEventListener('touchstart', onAnyInput)
-    }
-
-    if (IDLE) {
-      timeoutIdIdleB = setTimeout(teardown, IDLE_TIME_MS)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add a listener to execute code and play the stream
-     * on initial stream setup.
-     */
-    engineCommandManager.addEventListener(
-      EngineCommandManagerEvents.SceneReady,
-      executeCodeAndPlayStream
-    )
-
-    return () => {
-      engineCommandManager.removeEventListener(
-        EngineCommandManagerEvents.SceneReady,
-        executeCodeAndPlayStream
-      )
-      globalThis?.window?.document?.removeEventListener('paste', handlePaste, {
-        capture: true,
-      })
-      if (IDLE) {
-        clearTimeout(timeoutIdIdleA)
-        clearTimeout(timeoutIdIdleB)
-
-        globalThis?.window?.document?.removeEventListener(
-          'visibilitychange',
-          onVisibilityChange
-        )
-        globalThis?.window?.document?.removeEventListener('keydown', onAnyInput)
-        globalThis?.window?.document?.removeEventListener(
-          'mousemove',
-          onAnyInput
-        )
-        globalThis?.window?.document?.removeEventListener(
-          'mousedown',
-          onAnyInput
-        )
-        globalThis?.window?.document?.removeEventListener('scroll', onAnyInput)
-        globalThis?.window?.document?.removeEventListener(
-          'touchstart',
-          onAnyInput
-        )
-      }
-    }
-  }, [IDLE, streamState])
-
-  /**
-   * Play the vid
-   */
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!kclManager.isExecuting) {
-      setTimeout(() => {
-        // execute in the next event loop
-        videoRef.current?.play().catch((e) => {
-          console.warn('Video playing was prevented', e, videoRef.current)
-        })
-      })
-    }
-  }, [kclManager.isExecuting])
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (
-      typeof window === 'undefined' ||
-      typeof RTCPeerConnection === 'undefined'
-    )
-      return
-    if (!videoRef.current) return
-    if (!mediaStream) return
-
-    // The browser complains if we try to load a new stream without pausing first.
-    // Do not immediately play the stream!
-    try {
-      videoRef.current.srcObject = mediaStream
-      videoRef.current.pause()
-    } catch (e) {
-      console.warn('Attempted to pause stream while play was still loading', e)
-    }
-
-    send({
-      type: 'Set context',
-      data: {
-        videoElement: videoRef.current,
-      },
-    })
-
-    setIsLoading(false)
-  }, [mediaStream])
-
-  const handleMouseUp: MouseEventHandler<HTMLDivElement> = (e) => {
-    // If we've got no stream or connection, don't do anything
-    if (!isNetworkOkay) return
-    if (!videoRef.current) return
-    // If we're in sketch mode, don't send a engine-side select event
-    if (state.matches('Sketch')) return
-    if (state.matches({ idle: 'showPlanes' })) return
-    // If we're mousing up from a camera drag, don't send a select event
-    if (sceneInfra.camControls.wasDragging === true) return
-
-    if (btnName(e.nativeEvent).left) {
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-      sendSelectEventToEngine(e, videoRef.current)
-    }
-  }
-
-  return (
-    <div
-      className="absolute inset-0 z-0"
-      id="stream"
-      data-testid="stream"
-      onClick={handleMouseUp}
-      onContextMenu={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
-      onContextMenuCapture={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
-    >
-      <video
-        ref={videoRef}
-        muted
-        autoPlay
-        controls={false}
-        onPlay={() => setIsLoading(false)}
-        className="w-full cursor-pointer h-full"
-        disablePictureInPicture
-        id="video-stream"
-      />
-      <ClientSideScene
-        cameraControls={settings.context.modeling.mouseControls.current}
-      />
-      {(streamState === StreamState.Paused ||
-        streamState === StreamState.Resuming) && (
-        <div className="text-center absolute inset-0">
-          <div
-            className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center h-screen"
-            data-testid="paused"
-          >
-            <div className="border-primary border p-2 rounded-sm">
-              <svg
-                width="8"
-                height="12"
-                viewBox="0 0 8 12"
-                fill="none"
-                xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
-              >
-                <path
-                  fillRule="evenodd"
-                  clipRule="evenodd"
-                  d="M2 12V0H0V12H2ZM8 12V0H6V12H8Z"
-                  fill="var(--primary)"
-                />
-              </svg>
-            </div>
-            <p className="text-base mt-2 text-primary bold">
-              {streamState === StreamState.Paused && 'Paused'}
-              {streamState === StreamState.Resuming && 'Resuming'}
-            </p>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-      {(!isNetworkOkay || isLoading) && (
-        <div className="text-center absolute inset-0">
-          <Loading>
-            {!isNetworkOkay && !isLoading ? (
-              <span data-testid="loading-stream">Stream disconnected...</span>
-            ) : (
-              !isLoading && (
-                <span data-testid="loading-stream">Loading stream...</span>
-              )
-            )}
-          </Loading>
-        </div>
-      )}
-    </div>
-  )
-}

src/editor/manager.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import { editorManager } from 'lib/singletons'
+import { Diagnostic } from '@codemirror/lint'
+
+describe('EditorManager Class', () => {
+  describe('makeUniqueDiagnostics', () => {
+    it('should filter out duplicated diagnostics', () => {
+      const duplicatedDiagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [
+        {
+          from: 2,
+          to: 10,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my cool message',
+        },
+        {
+          from: 2,
+          to: 10,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my cool message',
+        },
+        {
+          from: 2,
+          to: 10,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my cool message',
+        },
+      ]
+
+      const expected: Diagnostic[] = [
+        {
+          from: 2,
+          to: 10,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my cool message',
+        },
+      ]
+
+      const actual = editorManager.makeUniqueDiagnostics(duplicatedDiagnostics)
+      expect(actual).toStrictEqual(expected)
+    })
+    it('should filter out duplicated diagnostic and keep some original ones', () => {
+      const duplicatedDiagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [
+        {
+          from: 0,
+          to: 10,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my cool message',
+        },
+        {
+          from: 0,
+          to: 10,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my cool message',
+        },
+        {
+          from: 88,
+          to: 99,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my super cool message',
+        },
+      ]
+
+      const expected: Diagnostic[] = [
+        {
+          from: 0,
+          to: 10,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my cool message',
+        },
+        {
+          from: 88,
+          to: 99,
+          severity: 'hint',
+          message: 'my super cool message',
+        },
+      ]
+
+      const actual = editorManager.makeUniqueDiagnostics(duplicatedDiagnostics)
+      expect(actual).toStrictEqual(expected)
+    })
+  })
+})

src/editor/manager.ts

@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@ export const modelingMachineEvent = modelingMachineAnnotation.of(true)
 const setDiagnosticsAnnotation = Annotation.define<boolean>()
 export const setDiagnosticsEvent = setDiagnosticsAnnotation.of(true)
 
-function diagnosticIsEqual(d1: Diagnostic, d2: Diagnostic): boolean {
-  return d1.from === d2.from && d1.to === d2.to && d1.message === d2.message
-}
-
 export default class EditorManager {
   private _editorView: EditorView | null = null
   private _copilotEnabled: boolean = true
@@ -72,9 +68,10 @@ export default class EditorManager {
       // we cannot use <>.constructor.name since it will get destroyed
       // when packaging the application.
       const isTreeHighlightPlugin =
-        e.value.hasOwnProperty('tree') &&
+        e?.value &&
-        e.value.hasOwnProperty('decoratedTo') &&
+        e.value?.hasOwnProperty('tree') &&
-        e.value.hasOwnProperty('decorations')
+        e.value?.hasOwnProperty('decoratedTo') &&
+        e.value?.hasOwnProperty('decorations')
 
       if (isTreeHighlightPlugin) {
         let originalUpdate = e.value.update
@@ -161,20 +158,29 @@ export default class EditorManager {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Given an array of Diagnostics remove any duplicates by hashing a key
+   * in the format of from + ' ' + to + ' ' + message.
+   */
+  makeUniqueDiagnostics(duplicatedDiagnostics: Diagnostic[]): Diagnostic[] {
+    const uniqueDiagnostics: Diagnostic[] = []
+    const seenDiagnostic: { [key: string]: boolean } = {}
+
+    duplicatedDiagnostics.forEach((diagnostic: Diagnostic) => {
+      const hash = `${diagnostic.from} ${diagnostic.to} ${diagnostic.message}`
+      if (!seenDiagnostic[hash]) {
+        uniqueDiagnostics.push(diagnostic)
+        seenDiagnostic[hash] = true
+      }
+    })
+
+    return uniqueDiagnostics
+  }
+
   setDiagnostics(diagnostics: Diagnostic[]): void {
     if (!this._editorView) return
     // Clear out any existing diagnostics that are the same.
-    for (const diagnostic of diagnostics) {
+    diagnostics = this.makeUniqueDiagnostics(diagnostics)
-      for (const otherDiagnostic of diagnostics) {
-        if (diagnosticIsEqual(diagnostic, otherDiagnostic)) {
-          diagnostics = diagnostics.filter(
-            (d) => !diagnosticIsEqual(d, diagnostic)
-          )
-          diagnostics.push(diagnostic)
-          break
-        }
-      }
-    }
 
     this._editorView.dispatch({
       effects: [setDiagnosticsEffect.of(diagnostics)],

src/hooks/useEngineStreamContext.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+import { makeDefaultPlanes, modifyGrid } from 'lang/wasm'
+import { MutableRefObject } from 'react'
+import { setup, assign } from 'xstate'
+import { createActorContext } from '@xstate/react'
+import { kclManager, sceneInfra, engineCommandManager } from 'lib/singletons'
+import { trap } from 'lib/trap'
+
+export enum EngineStreamState {
+  Off = 'off',
+  On = 'on',
+  Playing = 'playing',
+  Paused = 'paused',
+  Resuming = 'resuming',
+}
+
+export enum EngineStreamTransition {
+  SetMediaStream = 'set-context',
+  Play = 'play',
+  Resume = 'resume',
+  Pause = 'pause',
+  StartOrReconfigureEngine = 'start-or-reconfigure-engine',
+}
+
+export interface EngineStreamContext {
+  pool: string | null
+  authToken: string | null
+  mediaStream: MediaStream | null
+  videoRef: MutableRefObject<HTMLVideoElement | null>
+  canvasRef: MutableRefObject<HTMLCanvasElement | null>
+}
+
+export function getDimensions(streamWidth: number, streamHeight: number) {
+  const factorOf = 4
+  const maxResolution = 2160
+  const ratio = Math.min(
+    Math.min(maxResolution / streamWidth, maxResolution / streamHeight),
+    1.0
+  )
+  const quadWidth = Math.round((streamWidth * ratio) / factorOf) * factorOf
+  const quadHeight = Math.round((streamHeight * ratio) / factorOf) * factorOf
+  return { width: quadWidth, height: quadHeight }
+}
+
+const engineStreamMachine = setup({
+  types: {
+    context: {} as EngineStreamContext,
+    input: {} as EngineStreamContext,
+  },
+  actions: {
+    [EngineStreamTransition.Play]({ context }, params: { zoomToFit: boolean }) {
+      const canvas = context.canvasRef.current
+      if (!canvas) return false
+
+      const video = context.videoRef.current
+      if (!video) return false
+
+      const mediaStream = context.mediaStream
+      if (!mediaStream) return false
+
+      video.style.display = 'block'
+      canvas.style.display = 'none'
+
+      video.srcObject = mediaStream
+      void sceneInfra.camControls
+        .restoreCameraPosition()
+        .then(() => video.play())
+        .catch((e) => {
+          console.warn('Video playing was prevented', e, video)
+        })
+        .then(() => kclManager.executeCode(params.zoomToFit))
+        .catch(trap)
+    },
+    [EngineStreamTransition.Pause]({ context }) {
+      const video = context.videoRef.current
+      if (!video) return
+
+      video.pause()
+
+      const canvas = context.canvasRef.current
+      if (!canvas) return
+
+      canvas.width = video.videoWidth
+      canvas.height = video.videoHeight
+      canvas.style.width = video.videoWidth + 'px'
+      canvas.style.height = video.videoHeight + 'px'
+      canvas.style.display = 'block'
+
+      const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
+      if (!ctx) return
+
+      ctx.drawImage(video, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height)
+
+      // Make sure we're on the next frame for no flickering between canvas
+      // and the video elements.
+      window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        video.style.display = 'none'
+
+        // Destroy the media stream only. We will re-establish it. We could
+        // leave everything at pausing, preventing video decoders from running
+        // but we can do even better by significantly reducing network
+        // cards also.
+        context.mediaStream?.getVideoTracks()[0].stop()
+        video.srcObject = null
+
+        sceneInfra.camControls.old = {
+          camera: sceneInfra.camControls.camera.clone(),
+          target: sceneInfra.camControls.target.clone(),
+        }
+
+        engineCommandManager.tearDown({ idleMode: true })
+      })
+    },
+    async [EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine]({
+      context,
+      event,
+    }) {
+      if (!context.authToken) return
+
+      const video = context.videoRef.current
+      if (!video) return
+
+      const { width, height } = getDimensions(
+        window.innerWidth,
+        window.innerHeight
+      )
+
+      video.width = width
+      video.height = height
+
+      const settingsNext = {
+        // override the pool param (?pool=) to request a specific engine instance
+        // from a particular pool.
+        pool: context.pool,
+        ...event.settings,
+      }
+
+      engineCommandManager.settings = settingsNext
+
+      engineCommandManager.start({
+        setMediaStream: event.onMediaStream,
+        setIsStreamReady: (isStreamReady) =>
+          event.setAppState({ isStreamReady }),
+        width,
+        height,
+        token: context.authToken,
+        settings: settingsNext,
+        makeDefaultPlanes: () => {
+          return makeDefaultPlanes(kclManager.engineCommandManager)
+        },
+        modifyGrid: (hidden: boolean) => {
+          return modifyGrid(kclManager.engineCommandManager, hidden)
+        },
+      })
+
+      event.modelingMachineActorSend({
+        type: 'Set context',
+        data: {
+          streamDimensions: {
+            streamWidth: width,
+            streamHeight: height,
+          },
+        },
+      })
+    },
+    async [EngineStreamTransition.Resume]({ context, event }) {
+      // engineCommandManager.engineConnection?.reattachMediaStream()
+    },
+  },
+}).createMachine({
+  context: (initial) => initial.input,
+  initial: EngineStreamState.Off,
+  states: {
+    [EngineStreamState.Off]: {
+      on: {
+        [EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.On,
+          actions: [{ type: EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine }],
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    [EngineStreamState.On]: {
+      on: {
+        [EngineStreamTransition.SetMediaStream]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.On,
+          actions: [
+            assign({ mediaStream: ({ context, event }) => event.mediaStream }),
+          ],
+        },
+        [EngineStreamTransition.Play]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.Playing,
+          actions: [
+            { type: EngineStreamTransition.Play, params: { zoomToFit: true } },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    [EngineStreamState.Playing]: {
+      on: {
+        [EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.Playing,
+          reenter: true,
+          actions: [{ type: EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine }],
+        },
+        [EngineStreamTransition.Pause]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.Paused,
+          actions: [{ type: EngineStreamTransition.Pause }],
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    [EngineStreamState.Paused]: {
+      on: {
+        [EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.Resuming,
+          actions: [{ type: EngineStreamTransition.StartOrReconfigureEngine }],
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    [EngineStreamState.Resuming]: {
+      on: {
+        [EngineStreamTransition.SetMediaStream]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.Resuming,
+          actions: [
+            assign({ mediaStream: ({ context, event }) => event.mediaStream }),
+          ],
+        },
+        [EngineStreamTransition.Play]: {
+          target: EngineStreamState.Playing,
+          actions: [
+            { type: EngineStreamTransition.Play, params: { zoomToFit: false } },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+})
+
+export default createActorContext(engineStreamMachine)

src/hooks/useToolbarGuards.ts

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ import {
   SetVarNameModal,
   createSetVarNameModal,
 } from 'components/SetVarNameModal'
-import { editorManager, kclManager } from 'lib/singletons'
+import { editorManager, kclManager, codeManager } from 'lib/singletons'
-import { reportRejection, trap } from 'lib/trap'
+import { reportRejection, trap, err } from 'lib/trap'
 import { moveValueIntoNewVariable } from 'lang/modifyAst'
 import { isNodeSafeToReplace } from 'lang/queryAst'
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
 import { useModelingContext } from './useModelingContext'
-import { PathToNode, SourceRange } from 'lang/wasm'
+import { PathToNode, SourceRange, recast } from 'lang/wasm'
 import { useKclContext } from 'lang/KclProvider'
 import { toSync } from 'lib/utils'
 
@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ export function useConvertToVariable(range?: SourceRange) {
         )
 
       await kclManager.updateAst(_modifiedAst, true)
+
+      const newCode = recast(_modifiedAst)
+      if (err(newCode)) return
+      codeManager.updateCodeEditor(newCode)
+
       return pathToReplacedNode
     } catch (e) {
       console.log('error', e)

src/lang/KclSingleton.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { executeAst, lintAst } from 'lang/langHelpers'
 import { Selections } from 'lib/selections'
 import { KCLError, kclErrorsToDiagnostics } from './errors'
 import { uuidv4 } from 'lib/utils'
-import { EngineCommandManager } from './std/engineConnection'
+import { EngineCommandManager, CommandLogType } from './std/engineConnection'
 import { err } from 'lib/trap'
 import { EXECUTE_AST_INTERRUPT_ERROR_MESSAGE } from 'lib/constants'
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export class KclManager {
     if (this.lints.length > 0) {
       diagnostics = diagnostics.concat(this.lints)
     }
-    editorManager.setDiagnostics(diagnostics)
+    editorManager?.setDiagnostics(diagnostics)
   }
 
   addKclErrors(kclErrors: KCLError[]) {
@@ -290,15 +290,9 @@ export class KclManager {
           )
         }
 
-        await this.engineCommandManager.sendSceneCommand({
+        await sceneInfra.camControls.centerModelRelativeToPanes({
-          type: 'modeling_cmd_req',
+          zoomToFit: true,
-          cmd_id: uuidv4(),
+          zoomObjectId,
-          cmd: {
-            type: 'zoom_to_fit',
-            object_ids: zoomObjectId ? [zoomObjectId] : [], // leave empty to zoom to all objects
-            padding: 0.1, // padding around the objects
-            animated: false, // don't animate the zoom for now
-          },
         })
       }
     }
@@ -328,7 +322,7 @@ export class KclManager {
     this.ast = { ...ast }
     this._executeCallback()
     this.engineCommandManager.addCommandLog({
-      type: 'execution-done',
+      type: CommandLogType.ExecutionDone,
       data: null,
     })
 
@@ -357,9 +351,6 @@ export class KclManager {
       this.clearAst()
       return
     }
-    codeManager.updateCodeEditor(newCode)
-    // Write the file to disk.
-    await codeManager.writeToFile()
     this._ast = { ...newAst }
 
     const { logs, errors, execState } = await executeAst({
@@ -497,11 +488,6 @@ export class KclManager {
     }
 
     if (execute) {
-      // Call execute on the set ast.
-      // Update the code state and editor.
-      codeManager.updateCodeEditor(newCode)
-      // Write the file to disk.
-      await codeManager.writeToFile()
       await this.executeAst({
         ast: astWithUpdatedSource,
         zoomToFit: optionalParams?.zoomToFit,

src/lang/artifact.test.ts

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ const mySketch001 = startSketchOn('XY')
     // @ts-ignore
     const sketch001 = execState.memory.get('mySketch001')
     expect(sketch001).toEqual({
-      type: 'UserVal',
+      type: 'Sketch',
-      __meta: [{ sourceRange: [46, 71, 0] }],
       value: {
         type: 'Sketch',
         on: expect.any(Object),

src/lang/codeManager.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import toast from 'react-hot-toast'
 import { editorManager } from 'lib/singletons'
 import { Annotation, Transaction } from '@codemirror/state'
 import { KeyBinding } from '@codemirror/view'
+import { recast, Program } from 'lang/wasm'
+import { err } from 'lib/trap'
 
 const PERSIST_CODE_KEY = 'persistCode'
 
@@ -147,6 +149,13 @@ export default class CodeManager {
       safeLSSetItem(PERSIST_CODE_KEY, this.code)
     }
   }
+
+  async updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(ast: Program) {
+    const newCode = recast(ast)
+    if (err(newCode)) return
+    this.updateCodeStateEditor(newCode)
+    await this.writeToFile()
+  }
 }
 
 function safeLSGetItem(key: string) {

src/lang/executor.test.ts

@@ -58,7 +58,13 @@ const newVar = myVar + 1`
 `
     const mem = await exe(code)
     // geo is three js buffer geometry and is very bloated to have in tests
-    const minusGeo = mem.get('mySketch')?.value?.paths
+    const sk = mem.get('mySketch')
+    expect(sk?.type).toEqual('Sketch')
+    if (sk?.type !== 'Sketch') {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const minusGeo = sk?.value?.paths
     expect(minusGeo).toEqual([
       {
         type: 'ToPoint',
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ const newVar = myVar + 1`
     ].join('\n')
     const mem = await exe(code)
     expect(mem.get('mySk1')).toEqual({
-      type: 'UserVal',
+      type: 'Sketch',
       value: {
         type: 'Sketch',
         on: expect.any(Object),
@@ -215,7 +221,6 @@ const newVar = myVar + 1`
         id: expect.any(String),
         __meta: [{ sourceRange: [39, 63, 0] }],
       },
-      __meta: [{ sourceRange: [39, 63, 0] }],
     })
   })
   it('execute array expression', async () => {
@@ -225,7 +230,7 @@ const newVar = myVar + 1`
     const mem = await exe(code)
     // TODO path to node is probably wrong here, zero indexes are not correct
     expect(mem.get('three')).toEqual({
-      type: 'UserVal',
+      type: 'Int',
       value: 3,
       __meta: [
         {
@@ -234,8 +239,17 @@ const newVar = myVar + 1`
       ],
     })
     expect(mem.get('yo')).toEqual({
-      type: 'UserVal',
+      type: 'Array',
-      value: [1, '2', 3, 9],
+      value: [
+        { type: 'Int', value: 1, __meta: [{ sourceRange: [28, 29, 0] }] },
+        { type: 'String', value: '2', __meta: [{ sourceRange: [31, 34, 0] }] },
+        { type: 'Int', value: 3, __meta: [{ sourceRange: [14, 15, 0] }] },
+        {
+          type: 'Number',
+          value: 9,
+          __meta: [{ sourceRange: [43, 44, 0] }, { sourceRange: [47, 48, 0] }],
+        },
+      ],
       __meta: [
         {
           sourceRange: [27, 49, 0],
@@ -253,8 +267,25 @@ const newVar = myVar + 1`
     ].join('\n')
     const mem = await exe(code)
     expect(mem.get('yo')).toEqual({
-      type: 'UserVal',
+      type: 'Object',
-      value: { aStr: 'str', anum: 2, identifier: 3, binExp: 9 },
+      value: {
+        aStr: {
+          type: 'String',
+          value: 'str',
+          __meta: [{ sourceRange: [34, 39, 0] }],
+        },
+        anum: { type: 'Int', value: 2, __meta: [{ sourceRange: [47, 48, 0] }] },
+        identifier: {
+          type: 'Int',
+          value: 3,
+          __meta: [{ sourceRange: [14, 15, 0] }],
+        },
+        binExp: {
+          type: 'Number',
+          value: 9,
+          __meta: [{ sourceRange: [77, 78, 0] }, { sourceRange: [81, 82, 0] }],
+        },
+      },
       __meta: [
         {
           sourceRange: [27, 83, 0],
@@ -268,11 +299,11 @@ const newVar = myVar + 1`
     )
     const mem = await exe(code)
     expect(mem.get('myVar')).toEqual({
-      type: 'UserVal',
+      type: 'String',
       value: '123',
       __meta: [
         {
-          sourceRange: [41, 50, 0],
+          sourceRange: [19, 24, 0],
         },
       ],
     })
@@ -356,7 +387,26 @@ describe('testing math operators', () => {
   it('with unaryExpression in ArrayExpression', async () => {
     const code = 'const myVar = [1,-legLen(5, 4)]'
     const mem = await exe(code)
-    expect(mem.get('myVar')?.value).toEqual([1, -3])
+    expect(mem.get('myVar')?.value).toEqual([
+      {
+        __meta: [
+          {
+            sourceRange: [15, 16, 0],
+          },
+        ],
+        type: 'Int',
+        value: 1,
+      },
+      {
+        __meta: [
+          {
+            sourceRange: [17, 30, 0],
+          },
+        ],
+        type: 'Number',
+        value: -3,
+      },
+    ])
   })
   it('with unaryExpression in ArrayExpression in CallExpression, checking nothing funny happens when used in a sketch', async () => {
     const code = [

src/lang/kclSamples.test.ts

@@ -55,18 +55,13 @@ describe('Test KCL Samples from public Github repository', () => {
     })
     // Run through all of the files in the manifest json. This will allow us to be automatically updated
     // with the latest changes in github. We won't be hard coding the filenames
-    it(
+    files.forEach((file: KclSampleFile) => {
-      'should run through all the files',
+      it(`should parse ${file.filename} without errors`, async () => {
-      async () => {
-        for (let i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
-          const file: KclSampleFile = files[i]
         const code = await getKclSampleCodeFromGithub(file.filename)
         const parsed = parse(code)
         assert(!(parsed instanceof Error))
-        }
+      }, 1000)
-      },
+    })
-      files.length * 1000
-    )
   })
 
   describe('when performing enginelessExecutor', () => {

src/lang/modifyAst/addFillet.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,12 @@ import {
   ArtifactGraph,
   getSweepFromSuspectedPath,
 } from 'lang/std/artifactGraph'
-import { kclManager, engineCommandManager, editorManager } from 'lib/singletons'
+import {
+  kclManager,
+  engineCommandManager,
+  editorManager,
+  codeManager,
+} from 'lib/singletons'
 import { Node } from 'wasm-lib/kcl/bindings/Node'
 
 // Apply Fillet To Selection
@@ -253,6 +258,9 @@ async function updateAstAndFocus(
   const updatedAst = await kclManager.updateAst(modifiedAst, true, {
     focusPath: pathToFilletNode,
   })
+
+  await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
+
   if (updatedAst?.selections) {
     editorManager.selectRange(updatedAst?.selections)
   }

src/lang/std/artifactGraph.ts

@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ export function expandSweep(
   if (err(path)) return path
   return {
     type: 'sweep',
-    subType: 'extrusion',
+    subType: sweep.subType,
     surfaces: Array.from(surfs.values()),
     edges: Array.from(edges.values()),
     path,

src/lang/std/engineConnection.ts

@@ -406,13 +406,14 @@ class EngineConnection extends EventTarget {
         default:
           if (this.isConnecting()) break
           // Means we never could do an initial connection. Reconnect everything.
-          if (!this.pingPongSpan.ping) this.connect().catch(reportRejection)
+          if (!this.pingPongSpan.ping)
+            this.connect({ reconnect: false }).catch(reportRejection)
           break
       }
     }, pingIntervalMs)
 
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-    this.connect()
+    this.connect({ reconnect: false })
   }
 
   // SHOULD ONLY BE USED FOR VITESTS
@@ -523,7 +524,9 @@ class EngineConnection extends EventTarget {
     this.idleMode = opts?.idleMode ?? false
     clearInterval(this.pingIntervalId)
 
-    if (opts?.idleMode) {
+    this.disconnectAll()
+
+    if (this.idleMode) {
       this.state = {
         type: EngineConnectionStateType.Disconnecting,
         value: {
@@ -542,8 +545,6 @@ class EngineConnection extends EventTarget {
         type: DisconnectingType.Quit,
       },
     }
-
-    this.disconnectAll()
   }
 
   /**
@@ -553,7 +554,7 @@ class EngineConnection extends EventTarget {
    * This will attempt the full handshake, and retry if the connection
    * did not establish.
    */
-  connect(reconnecting?: boolean): Promise<void> {
+  connect(args: { reconnect: boolean }): Promise<void> {
     return new Promise((resolve) => {
       if (this.isConnecting() || this.isReady()) {
         return
@@ -1165,7 +1166,7 @@ class EngineConnection extends EventTarget {
         this.websocket.addEventListener('message', this.onWebSocketMessage)
       }
 
-      if (reconnecting) {
+      if (args.reconnect) {
         createWebSocketConnection()
       } else {
         this.onNetworkStatusReady = () => {
@@ -1178,6 +1179,32 @@ class EngineConnection extends EventTarget {
       }
     })
   }
+
+  async reattachMediaStream() {
+    return this.pc
+      ?.createOffer({ iceRestart: true })
+      .then((offer: RTCSessionDescriptionInit) => {
+        this.state = {
+          type: EngineConnectionStateType.Connecting,
+          value: {
+            type: ConnectingType.SetLocalDescription,
+          },
+        }
+        return this.pc?.setLocalDescription(offer).then(() => {
+          this.send({
+            type: 'sdp_offer',
+            offer: offer as Models['RtcSessionDescription_type'],
+          })
+          this.state = {
+            type: EngineConnectionStateType.Connecting,
+            value: {
+              type: ConnectingType.OfferedSdp,
+            },
+          }
+        })
+      })
+  }
+
   // Do not change this back to an object or any, we should only be sending the
   // WebSocketRequest type!
   unreliableSend(message: Models['WebSocketRequest_type']) {
@@ -1229,8 +1256,17 @@ class EngineConnection extends EventTarget {
       this.websocket?.readyState === 3
 
     if (closedPc && closedUDC && closedWS) {
+      if (!this.idleMode) {
         // Do not notify the rest of the program that we have cut off anything.
         this.state = { type: EngineConnectionStateType.Disconnected }
+      } else {
+        this.state = {
+          type: EngineConnectionStateType.Disconnecting,
+          value: {
+            type: DisconnectingType.Pause,
+          },
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1255,27 +1291,40 @@ export interface Subscription<T extends ModelTypes> {
   ) => void
 }
 
+export enum CommandLogType {
+  SendModeling = 'send-modeling',
+  SendScene = 'send-scene',
+  ReceiveReliable = 'receive-reliable',
+  ExecutionDone = 'execution-done',
+  ExportDone = 'export-done',
+  SetDefaultSystemProperties = 'set_default_system_properties',
+}
+
 export type CommandLog =
   | {
-      type: 'send-modeling'
+      type: CommandLogType.SendModeling
       data: EngineCommand
     }
   | {
-      type: 'send-scene'
+      type: CommandLogType.SendScene
       data: EngineCommand
     }
   | {
-      type: 'receive-reliable'
+      type: CommandLogType.ReceiveReliable
       data: OkWebSocketResponseData
       id: string
       cmd_type?: string
     }
   | {
-      type: 'execution-done'
+      type: CommandLogType.ExecutionDone
       data: null
     }
   | {
-      type: 'export-done'
+      type: CommandLogType.ExportDone
+      data: null
+    }
+  | {
+      type: CommandLogType.SetDefaultSystemProperties
       data: null
     }
 
@@ -1686,7 +1735,7 @@ export class EngineCommandManager extends EventTarget {
           message.request_id
         ) {
           this.addCommandLog({
-            type: 'receive-reliable',
+            type: CommandLogType.ReceiveReliable,
             data: message.resp,
             id: message?.request_id || '',
             cmd_type: pending?.command?.cmd?.type,
@@ -1720,7 +1769,7 @@ export class EngineCommandManager extends EventTarget {
               if (!command) return
               if (command.type === 'modeling_cmd_req')
                 this.addCommandLog({
-                  type: 'receive-reliable',
+                  type: CommandLogType.ReceiveReliable,
                   data: {
                     type: 'modeling',
                     data: {
@@ -1762,7 +1811,7 @@ export class EngineCommandManager extends EventTarget {
       )
 
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-      this.engineConnection?.connect()
+      this.engineConnection?.connect({ reconnect: false })
     }
     this.engineConnection.addEventListener(
       EngineConnectionEvents.ConnectionStarted,
@@ -1824,6 +1873,7 @@ export class EngineCommandManager extends EventTarget {
       )
 
       this.engineConnection?.tearDown(opts)
+      this.engineConnection = undefined
 
       // Our window.tearDown assignment causes this case to happen which is
       // only really for tests.
@@ -1831,6 +1881,8 @@ export class EngineCommandManager extends EventTarget {
     } else if (this.engineCommandManager?.engineConnection) {
       // @ts-ignore
       this.engineCommandManager?.engineConnection?.tearDown(opts)
+      // @ts-ignore
+      this.engineCommandManager.engineConnection = null
     }
   }
   async startNewSession() {
@@ -1929,7 +1981,7 @@ export class EngineCommandManager extends EventTarget {
     ) {
       // highlight_set_entity, mouse_move and camera_drag_move are sent over the unreliable channel and are too noisy
       this.addCommandLog({
-        type: 'send-scene',
+        type: CommandLogType.SendScene,
         data: command,
       })
     }
@@ -1988,7 +2040,7 @@ export class EngineCommandManager extends EventTarget {
           toastId,
           resolve: (passThrough) => {
             this.addCommandLog({
-              type: 'export-done',
+              type: CommandLogType.ExportDone,
               data: null,
             })
             resolve(passThrough)

src/lang/wasm.ts

@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ export class ProgramMemory {
    */
   hasSketchOrSolid(): boolean {
     for (const node of this.visibleEntries().values()) {
-      if (node.type === 'Solid' || node.value?.type === 'Sketch') {
+      if (node.type === 'Solid' || node.type === 'Sketch') {
         return true
       }
     }

src/lib/routeLoaders.ts

@@ -145,12 +145,6 @@ export const fileLoader: LoaderFunction = async (
       ? await getProjectInfo(projectPath)
       : null
 
-    console.log('maybeProjectInfo', {
-      maybeProjectInfo,
-      defaultProjectData,
-      projectPathData,
-    })
-
     const projectData: IndexLoaderData = {
       code,
       project: maybeProjectInfo ?? defaultProjectData,

src/lib/settings/initialSettings.tsx

@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ export class Setting<T = unknown> {
   }
 }
 
+const MS_IN_MINUTE = 1000 * 60
+
 export function createSettings() {
   return {
     /** Settings that affect the behavior of the entire app,
@@ -181,13 +183,58 @@ export function createSettings() {
       /**
        * Stream resource saving behavior toggle
        */
-      streamIdleMode: new Setting<boolean>({
+      streamIdleMode: new Setting<number | undefined>({
-        defaultValue: false,
+        defaultValue: undefined,
         description: 'Toggle stream idling, saving bandwidth and battery',
-        validate: (v) => typeof v === 'boolean',
+        validate: (v) =>
-        commandConfig: {
+          v === undefined ||
-          inputType: 'boolean',
+          (typeof v === 'number' &&
-        },
+            v >= 1 * MS_IN_MINUTE &&
+            v <= 60 * MS_IN_MINUTE),
+        Component: ({ value, updateValue }) => (
+          <div className="flex item-center gap-4 px-2 m-0 py-0">
+            <div className="flex flex-col">
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                checked={value !== undefined}
+                onChange={(e) =>
+                  updateValue(
+                    !e.currentTarget.checked ? undefined : 5 * MS_IN_MINUTE
+                  )
+                }
+                className="block w-4 h-4"
+              />
+              <div></div>
+            </div>
+            <div className="flex flex-col grow">
+              <input
+                type="range"
+                onChange={(e) =>
+                  updateValue(Number(e.currentTarget.value) * MS_IN_MINUTE)
+                }
+                disabled={value === undefined}
+                value={
+                  value !== null && value !== undefined
+                    ? value / MS_IN_MINUTE
+                    : 5
+                }
+                min={1}
+                max={60}
+                step={1}
+                className="block flex-1"
+              />
+              {value !== undefined && value !== null && (
+                <div>
+                  {value / MS_IN_MINUTE === 60
+                    ? '1 hour'
+                    : value / MS_IN_MINUTE === 1
+                    ? '1 minute'
+                    : value / MS_IN_MINUTE + ' minutes'}
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        ),
       }),
       onboardingStatus: new Setting<string>({
         defaultValue: '',

src/lib/settings/settingsUtils.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ import { ProjectConfiguration } from 'wasm-lib/kcl/bindings/ProjectConfiguration
 import { BROWSER_PROJECT_NAME } from 'lib/constants'
 import { DeepPartial } from 'lib/types'
 
+type OmitNull<T> = T extends null ? undefined : T
+const toUndefinedIfNull = (a: any): OmitNull<any> =>
+  a === null ? undefined : a
+
 /**
  * Convert from a rust settings struct into the JS settings struct.
  * We do this because the JS settings type has all the fancy shit
@@ -40,7 +44,9 @@ export function configurationToSettingsPayload(
         : undefined,
       onboardingStatus: configuration?.settings?.app?.onboarding_status,
       dismissWebBanner: configuration?.settings?.app?.dismiss_web_banner,
-      streamIdleMode: configuration?.settings?.app?.stream_idle_mode,
+      streamIdleMode: toUndefinedIfNull(
+        configuration?.settings?.app?.stream_idle_mode
+      ),
       projectDirectory: configuration?.settings?.project?.directory,
       enableSSAO: configuration?.settings?.modeling?.enable_ssao,
     },
@@ -79,7 +85,9 @@ export function projectConfigurationToSettingsPayload(
         : undefined,
       onboardingStatus: configuration?.settings?.app?.onboarding_status,
       dismissWebBanner: configuration?.settings?.app?.dismiss_web_banner,
-      streamIdleMode: configuration?.settings?.app?.stream_idle_mode,
+      streamIdleMode: toUndefinedIfNull(
+        configuration?.settings?.app?.stream_idle_mode
+      ),
       enableSSAO: configuration?.settings?.modeling?.enable_ssao,
     },
     modeling: {

src/lib/singletons.ts

@@ -10,8 +10,14 @@ export const codeManager = new CodeManager()
 
 export const engineCommandManager = new EngineCommandManager()
 
-// Accessible for tests mostly
+declare global {
-// @ts-ignore
+  interface Window {
+    tearDown: typeof engineCommandManager.tearDown
+    sceneInfra: typeof sceneInfra
+  }
+}
+
+// Accessible for tests
 window.tearDown = engineCommandManager.tearDown
 
 // This needs to be after codeManager is created.
@@ -21,7 +27,9 @@ engineCommandManager.kclManager = kclManager
 engineCommandManager.getAstCb = () => kclManager.ast
 
 export const sceneInfra = new SceneInfra(engineCommandManager)
-engineCommandManager.camControlsCameraChange = sceneInfra.onCameraChange
+
+// Accessible for tests
+window.sceneInfra = sceneInfra
 
 export const sceneEntitiesManager = new SceneEntities(engineCommandManager)
 

src/lib/timings.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// 0.25s is the average visual reaction time for humans so we'll go a bit less
+// so those exception people don't see.
+export const REASONABLE_TIME_TO_REFRESH_STREAM_SIZE = 100

src/lib/useCalculateKclExpression.ts

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ export function useCalculateKclExpression({
       const _programMem: ProgramMemory = ProgramMemory.empty()
       for (const { key, value } of availableVarInfo.variables) {
         const error = _programMem.set(key, {
-          type: 'UserVal',
+          type: 'String',
           value,
           __meta: [],
         })
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ export function useCalculateKclExpression({
       setCalcResult(typeof result === 'number' ? String(result) : 'NAN')
       init && setValueNode(init)
     }
+    if (!value) return
     execAstAndSetResult().catch(() => {
       setCalcResult('NAN')
       setValueNode(null)

src/machines/modelingMachine.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   sceneEntitiesManager,
   engineCommandManager,
   editorManager,
+  codeManager,
 } from 'lib/singletons'
 import {
   horzVertInfo,
@@ -531,8 +532,10 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         }
       }
     ),
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-misused-promises
+    'hide default planes': () => {
-    'hide default planes': () => kclManager.hidePlanes(),
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
+      kclManager.hidePlanes()
+    },
     'reset sketch metadata': assign({
       sketchDetails: null,
       sketchEnginePathId: '',
@@ -595,7 +598,6 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         if (trap(extrudeSketchRes)) return
         const { modifiedAst, pathToExtrudeArg } = extrudeSketchRes
 
-        store.videoElement?.pause()
         const updatedAst = await kclManager.updateAst(modifiedAst, true, {
           focusPath: [pathToExtrudeArg],
           zoomToFit: true,
@@ -604,11 +606,9 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
             type: 'path',
           },
         })
-        if (!engineCommandManager.engineConnection?.idleMode) {
+
-          store.videoElement?.play().catch((e) => {
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
-            console.warn('Video playing was prevented', e)
+
-          })
-        }
         if (updatedAst?.selections) {
           editorManager.selectRange(updatedAst?.selections)
         }
@@ -642,7 +642,6 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         if (trap(revolveSketchRes)) return
         const { modifiedAst, pathToRevolveArg } = revolveSketchRes
 
-        store.videoElement?.pause()
         const updatedAst = await kclManager.updateAst(modifiedAst, true, {
           focusPath: [pathToRevolveArg],
           zoomToFit: true,
@@ -651,11 +650,9 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
             type: 'path',
           },
         })
-        if (!engineCommandManager.engineConnection?.idleMode) {
+
-          store.videoElement?.play().catch((e) => {
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
-            console.warn('Video playing was prevented', e)
+
-          })
-        }
         if (updatedAst?.selections) {
           editorManager.selectRange(updatedAst?.selections)
         }
@@ -685,6 +682,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         }
 
         await kclManager.updateAst(modifiedAst, true)
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(modifiedAst)
       })().catch(reportRejection)
     },
     'AST fillet': ({ event }) => {
@@ -702,6 +700,9 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         radius
       )
       if (err(applyFilletToSelectionResult)) return applyFilletToSelectionResult
+
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
+      codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
     },
     'set selection filter to curves only': () => {
       ;(async () => {
@@ -758,25 +759,35 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
     'remove sketch grid': () => sceneEntitiesManager.removeSketchGrid(),
     'set up draft line': ({ context: { sketchDetails } }) => {
       if (!sketchDetails) return
+
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-      sceneEntitiesManager.setUpDraftSegment(
+      sceneEntitiesManager
+        .setupDraftSegment(
           sketchDetails.sketchPathToNode,
           sketchDetails.zAxis,
           sketchDetails.yAxis,
           sketchDetails.origin,
           'line'
         )
+        .then(() => {
+          return codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
+        })
     },
     'set up draft arc': ({ context: { sketchDetails } }) => {
       if (!sketchDetails) return
+
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-      sceneEntitiesManager.setUpDraftSegment(
+      sceneEntitiesManager
+        .setupDraftSegment(
           sketchDetails.sketchPathToNode,
           sketchDetails.zAxis,
           sketchDetails.yAxis,
           sketchDetails.origin,
           'tangentialArcTo'
         )
+        .then(() => {
+          return codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
+        })
     },
     'listen for rectangle origin': ({ context: { sketchDetails } }) => {
       if (!sketchDetails) return
@@ -834,31 +845,43 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
     'set up draft rectangle': ({ context: { sketchDetails }, event }) => {
       if (event.type !== 'Add rectangle origin') return
       if (!sketchDetails || !event.data) return
+
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-      sceneEntitiesManager.setupDraftRectangle(
+      sceneEntitiesManager
+        .setupDraftRectangle(
           sketchDetails.sketchPathToNode,
           sketchDetails.zAxis,
           sketchDetails.yAxis,
           sketchDetails.origin,
           event.data
         )
+        .then(() => {
+          return codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
+        })
     },
     'set up draft circle': ({ context: { sketchDetails }, event }) => {
       if (event.type !== 'Add circle origin') return
       if (!sketchDetails || !event.data) return
+
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-      sceneEntitiesManager.setupDraftCircle(
+      sceneEntitiesManager
+        .setupDraftCircle(
           sketchDetails.sketchPathToNode,
           sketchDetails.zAxis,
           sketchDetails.yAxis,
           sketchDetails.origin,
           event.data
         )
+        .then(() => {
+          return codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
+        })
     },
     'set up draft line without teardown': ({ context: { sketchDetails } }) => {
       if (!sketchDetails) return
+
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
-      sceneEntitiesManager.setUpDraftSegment(
+      sceneEntitiesManager
+        .setupDraftSegment(
           sketchDetails.sketchPathToNode,
           sketchDetails.zAxis,
           sketchDetails.yAxis,
@@ -866,6 +889,9 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
           'line',
           false
         )
+        .then(() => {
+          return codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
+        })
     },
     'show default planes': () => {
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
@@ -882,12 +908,17 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
     'add axis n grid': ({ context: { sketchDetails } }) => {
       if (!sketchDetails) return
       if (localStorage.getItem('disableAxis')) return
+
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
       sceneEntitiesManager.createSketchAxis(
         sketchDetails.sketchPathToNode || [],
         sketchDetails.zAxis,
         sketchDetails.yAxis,
         sketchDetails.origin
       )
+
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
+      codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
     },
     'reset client scene mouse handlers': () => {
       // when not in sketch mode we don't need any mouse listeners
@@ -916,10 +947,13 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
     'Delete segment': ({ context: { sketchDetails }, event }) => {
       if (event.type !== 'Delete segment') return
       if (!sketchDetails || !event.data) return
+
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises
       deleteSegment({
         pathToNode: event.data,
         sketchDetails,
+      }).then(() => {
+        return codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(kclManager.ast)
       })
     },
     'Reset Segment Overlays': () => sceneEntitiesManager.resetOverlays(),
@@ -984,6 +1018,9 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
+
         return {
           selectionType: 'completeSelection',
           selection: updateSelections(
@@ -1018,6 +1055,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
         return {
           selectionType: 'completeSelection',
           selection: updateSelections(
@@ -1052,6 +1090,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
         return {
           selectionType: 'completeSelection',
           selection: updateSelections(
@@ -1084,6 +1123,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
         const updatedSelectionRanges = updateSelections(
           pathToNodeMap,
           selectionRanges,
@@ -1117,6 +1157,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
         const updatedSelectionRanges = updateSelections(
           pathToNodeMap,
           selectionRanges,
@@ -1150,6 +1191,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
         const updatedSelectionRanges = updateSelections(
           pathToNodeMap,
           selectionRanges,
@@ -1183,6 +1225,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
         const updatedSelectionRanges = updateSelections(
           pathToNodeMap,
           selectionRanges,
@@ -1220,6 +1263,8 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
+
         const updatedSelectionRanges = updateSelections(
           pathToNodeMap,
           selectionRanges,
@@ -1252,6 +1297,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
         )
         if (trap(updatedAst, { suppress: true })) return
         if (!updatedAst) return
+        await codeManager.updateEditorWithAstAndWriteToFile(updatedAst.newAst)
         const updatedSelectionRanges = updateSelections(
           pathToNodeMap,
           selectionRanges,
@@ -1556,7 +1602,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
             },
           },
 
-          entry: 'setup client side sketch segments',
+          entry: ['setup client side sketch segments'],
         },
 
         'Await horizontal distance info': {
@@ -1801,7 +1847,7 @@ export const modelingMachine = setup({
             onError: 'SketchIdle',
             onDone: {
               target: 'SketchIdle',
-              actions: ['Set selection'],
+              actions: 'Set selection',
             },
           },
         },

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/ast/types.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub use crate::ast::types::{
 use crate::{
     docs::StdLibFn,
     errors::KclError,
-    executor::{ExecState, ExecutorContext, KclValue, Metadata, SourceRange, TagIdentifier, UserVal},
+    executor::{ExecState, ExecutorContext, KclValue, Metadata, SourceRange, TagIdentifier},
     parser::PIPE_OPERATOR,
     std::kcl_stdlib::KclStdLibFn,
 };
@@ -59,6 +59,14 @@ pub struct Node<T> {
     pub module_id: ModuleId,
 }
 
+impl<T> Node<T> {
+    pub fn metadata(&self) -> Metadata {
+        Metadata {
+            source_range: SourceRange([self.start, self.end, self.module_id.0 as usize]),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: JsonSchema> schemars::JsonSchema for Node<T> {
     fn schema_name() -> String {
         T::schema_name()
@@ -1708,34 +1716,26 @@ impl Literal {
 
 impl From<Node<Literal>> for KclValue {
     fn from(literal: Node<Literal>) -> Self {
-        KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+        let meta = vec![literal.metadata()];
-            value: JValue::from(literal.value.clone()),
+        match literal.inner.value {
-            meta: vec![Metadata {
+            LiteralValue::IInteger(value) => KclValue::Int { value, meta },
-                source_range: literal.into(),
+            LiteralValue::Fractional(value) => KclValue::Number { value, meta },
-            }],
+            LiteralValue::String(value) => KclValue::String { value, meta },
-        })
+            LiteralValue::Bool(value) => KclValue::Bool { value, meta },
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<&Node<Literal>> for KclValue {
     fn from(literal: &Node<Literal>) -> Self {
-        KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+        Self::from(literal.to_owned())
-            value: JValue::from(literal.value.clone()),
-            meta: vec![Metadata {
-                source_range: literal.into(),
-            }],
-        })
     }
 }
 
 impl From<&BoxNode<Literal>> for KclValue {
     fn from(literal: &BoxNode<Literal>) -> Self {
-        KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+        let b: &Node<Literal> = literal;
-            value: JValue::from(literal.value.clone()),
+        Self::from(b)
-            meta: vec![Metadata {
-                source_range: literal.into(),
-            }],
-        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -3010,17 +3010,6 @@ impl ConstraintLevels {
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn human_friendly_type(j: &JValue) -> &'static str {
-    match j {
-        JValue::Null => "null",
-        JValue::Bool(_) => "boolean (true/false value)",
-        JValue::Number(_) => "number",
-        JValue::String(_) => "string (text)",
-        JValue::Array(_) => "array (list)",
-        JValue::Object(_) => "object",
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/ast/types/execute.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use super::{
-    human_friendly_type, ArrayExpression, ArrayRangeExpression, BinaryExpression, BinaryOperator, BinaryPart,
+    ArrayExpression, ArrayRangeExpression, BinaryExpression, BinaryOperator, BinaryPart, CallExpression, Expr,
-    CallExpression, Expr, IfExpression, LiteralIdentifier, LiteralValue, MemberExpression, MemberObject, Node,
+    IfExpression, KclNone, LiteralIdentifier, LiteralValue, MemberExpression, MemberObject, Node, ObjectExpression,
-    ObjectExpression, TagDeclarator, UnaryExpression, UnaryOperator,
+    TagDeclarator, UnaryExpression, UnaryOperator,
 };
 use crate::{
     errors::{KclError, KclErrorDetails},
     executor::{
-        BodyType, ExecState, ExecutorContext, KclValue, Metadata, Sketch, SourceRange, StatementKind, TagEngineInfo,
+        BodyType, ExecState, ExecutorContext, KclValue, Metadata, SourceRange, StatementKind, TagEngineInfo,
-        TagIdentifier, UserVal,
+        TagIdentifier,
     },
     std::FunctionKind,
 };
 use async_recursion::async_recursion;
-use serde_json::Value as JValue;
+
+const FLOAT_TO_INT_MAX_DELTA: f64 = 0.01;
 
 impl BinaryPart {
     #[async_recursion]
@@ -42,28 +45,21 @@ impl Node<MemberExpression> {
             }
         };
 
-        let array_json = array.get_json_value()?;
+        let KclValue::Array { value: array, meta: _ } = array else {
+            return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+                message: format!("MemberExpression array is not an array: {:?}", array),
+                source_ranges: vec![self.clone().into()],
+            }));
+        };
 
-        if let serde_json::Value::Array(array) = array_json {
         if let Some(value) = array.get(index) {
-                Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+            Ok(value.to_owned())
-                    value: value.clone(),
-                    meta: vec![Metadata {
-                        source_range: self.into(),
-                    }],
-                }))
         } else {
             Err(KclError::UndefinedValue(KclErrorDetails {
                 message: format!("index {} not found in array", index),
                 source_ranges: vec![self.clone().into()],
             }))
         }
-        } else {
-            Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: format!("MemberExpression array is not an array: {:?}", array),
-                source_ranges: vec![self.clone().into()],
-            }))
-        }
     }
 
     pub fn get_result(&self, exec_state: &mut ExecState) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
@@ -77,18 +73,11 @@ impl Node<MemberExpression> {
             }
         };
 
-        let object_json = object.get_json_value()?;
-
         // Check the property and object match -- e.g. ints for arrays, strs for objects.
-        match (object_json, property) {
+        match (object, property) {
-            (JValue::Object(map), Property::String(property)) => {
+            (KclValue::Object { value: map, meta: _ }, Property::String(property)) => {
                 if let Some(value) = map.get(&property) {
-                    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+                    Ok(value.to_owned())
-                        value: value.clone(),
-                        meta: vec![Metadata {
-                            source_range: self.into(),
-                        }],
-                    }))
                 } else {
                     Err(KclError::UndefinedValue(KclErrorDetails {
                         message: format!("Property '{property}' not found in object"),
@@ -96,22 +85,20 @@ impl Node<MemberExpression> {
                     }))
                 }
             }
-            (JValue::Object(_), p) => Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+            (KclValue::Object { .. }, p) => {
+                let t = p.type_name();
+                let article = article_for(t);
+                Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
                     message: format!(
-                    "Only strings can be used as the property of an object, but you're using a {}",
+                        "Only strings can be used as the property of an object, but you're using {article} {t}",
-                    p.type_name()
                     ),
                     source_ranges: vec![self.clone().into()],
-            })),
-            (JValue::Array(arr), Property::Number(index)) => {
-                let value_of_arr: Option<&JValue> = arr.get(index);
-                if let Some(value) = value_of_arr {
-                    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
-                        value: value.clone(),
-                        meta: vec![Metadata {
-                            source_range: self.into(),
-                        }],
                 }))
+            }
+            (KclValue::Array { value: arr, meta: _ }, Property::Number(index)) => {
+                let value_of_arr = arr.get(index);
+                if let Some(value) = value_of_arr {
+                    Ok(value.to_owned())
                 } else {
                     Err(KclError::UndefinedValue(KclErrorDetails {
                         message: format!("The array doesn't have any item at index {index}"),
@@ -119,17 +106,36 @@ impl Node<MemberExpression> {
                     }))
                 }
             }
-            (JValue::Array(_), p) => Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+            (KclValue::Array { .. }, p) => {
+                let t = p.type_name();
+                let article = article_for(t);
+                Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
                     message: format!(
-                    "Only integers >= 0 can be used as the index of an array, but you're using a {}",
+                        "Only integers >= 0 can be used as the index of an array, but you're using {article} {t}",
-                    p.type_name()
                     ),
                     source_ranges: vec![self.clone().into()],
-            })),
+                }))
+            }
+            (KclValue::Solid(solid), Property::String(prop)) if prop == "sketch" => Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+                value: Box::new(solid.sketch),
+            }),
+            (KclValue::Sketch { value: sk }, Property::String(prop)) if prop == "tags" => Ok(KclValue::Object {
+                meta: vec![Metadata {
+                    source_range: SourceRange::from(self.clone()),
+                }],
+                value: sk
+                    .tags
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|(k, tag)| (k.to_owned(), KclValue::TagIdentifier(Box::new(tag.to_owned()))))
+                    .collect(),
+            }),
             (being_indexed, _) => {
-                let t = human_friendly_type(&being_indexed);
+                let t = being_indexed.human_friendly_type();
+                let article = article_for(t);
                 Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                    message: format!("Only arrays and objects can be indexed, but you're trying to index a {t}"),
+                    message: format!(
+                        "Only arrays and objects can be indexed, but you're trying to index {article} {t}"
+                    ),
                     source_ranges: vec![self.clone().into()],
                 }))
             }
@@ -140,81 +146,134 @@ impl Node<MemberExpression> {
 impl Node<BinaryExpression> {
     #[async_recursion]
     pub async fn get_result(&self, exec_state: &mut ExecState, ctx: &ExecutorContext) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
-        let left_json_value = self.left.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?.get_json_value()?;
+        let left_value = self.left.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?;
-        let right_json_value = self.right.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?.get_json_value()?;
+        let right_value = self.right.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?;
+        let mut meta = left_value.metadata();
+        meta.extend(right_value.metadata());
 
         // First check if we are doing string concatenation.
         if self.operator == BinaryOperator::Add {
-            if let (Some(left), Some(right)) = (
+            if let (KclValue::String { value: left, meta: _ }, KclValue::String { value: right, meta: _ }) =
-                parse_json_value_as_string(&left_json_value),
+                (&left_value, &right_value)
-                parse_json_value_as_string(&right_json_value),
+            {
-            ) {
+                return Ok(KclValue::String {
-                let value = serde_json::Value::String(format!("{}{}", left, right));
+                    value: format!("{}{}", left, right),
-                return Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+                    meta,
-                    value,
+                });
-                    meta: vec![Metadata {
-                        source_range: self.into(),
-                    }],
-                }));
             }
         }
 
-        let left = parse_json_number_as_f64(&left_json_value, self.left.clone().into())?;
+        let left = parse_number_as_f64(&left_value, self.left.clone().into())?;
-        let right = parse_json_number_as_f64(&right_json_value, self.right.clone().into())?;
+        let right = parse_number_as_f64(&right_value, self.right.clone().into())?;
 
-        let value: serde_json::Value = match self.operator {
+        let value = match self.operator {
-            BinaryOperator::Add => (left + right).into(),
+            BinaryOperator::Add => KclValue::Number {
-            BinaryOperator::Sub => (left - right).into(),
+                value: left + right,
-            BinaryOperator::Mul => (left * right).into(),
+                meta,
-            BinaryOperator::Div => (left / right).into(),
+            },
-            BinaryOperator::Mod => (left % right).into(),
+            BinaryOperator::Sub => KclValue::Number {
-            BinaryOperator::Pow => (left.powf(right)).into(),
+                value: left - right,
-            BinaryOperator::Eq => (left == right).into(),
+                meta,
-            BinaryOperator::Neq => (left != right).into(),
+            },
-            BinaryOperator::Gt => (left > right).into(),
+            BinaryOperator::Mul => KclValue::Number {
-            BinaryOperator::Gte => (left >= right).into(),
+                value: left * right,
-            BinaryOperator::Lt => (left < right).into(),
+                meta,
-            BinaryOperator::Lte => (left <= right).into(),
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Div => KclValue::Number {
+                value: left / right,
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Mod => KclValue::Number {
+                value: left % right,
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Pow => KclValue::Number {
+                value: left.powf(right),
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Neq => KclValue::Bool {
+                value: left != right,
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Gt => KclValue::Bool {
+                value: left > right,
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Gte => KclValue::Bool {
+                value: left >= right,
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Lt => KclValue::Bool {
+                value: left < right,
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Lte => KclValue::Bool {
+                value: left <= right,
+                meta,
+            },
+            BinaryOperator::Eq => KclValue::Bool {
+                value: left == right,
+                meta,
+            },
         };
 
-        Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+        Ok(value)
-            value,
-            meta: vec![Metadata {
-                source_range: self.into(),
-            }],
-        }))
     }
 }
 
 impl Node<UnaryExpression> {
     pub async fn get_result(&self, exec_state: &mut ExecState, ctx: &ExecutorContext) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
         if self.operator == UnaryOperator::Not {
-            let value = self.argument.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?.get_json_value()?;
+            let value = self.argument.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?;
-            let Some(bool_value) = json_as_bool(&value) else {
+            let KclValue::Bool {
+                value: bool_value,
+                meta: _,
+            } = value
+            else {
                 return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                    message: format!("Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: {}", value),
+                    message: format!(
+                        "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: {}",
+                        value.human_friendly_type()
+                    ),
                     source_ranges: vec![self.into()],
                 }));
             };
-            let negated = !bool_value;
+            let meta = vec![Metadata {
-            return Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
-                value: serde_json::Value::Bool(negated),
-                meta: vec![Metadata {
                 source_range: self.into(),
-                }],
+            }];
-            }));
+            let negated = KclValue::Bool {
+                value: !bool_value,
+                meta,
+            };
+
+            return Ok(negated);
         }
 
-        let num = parse_json_number_as_f64(
+        let value = &self.argument.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?;
-            &self.argument.get_result(exec_state, ctx).await?.get_json_value()?,
+        match value {
-            self.into(),
+            KclValue::Number { value, meta: _ } => {
-        )?;
+                let meta = vec![Metadata {
-        Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
-            value: (-(num)).into(),
-            meta: vec![Metadata {
                     source_range: self.into(),
-            }],
+                }];
-        }))
+                Ok(KclValue::Number { value: -value, meta })
+            }
+            KclValue::Int { value, meta: _ } => {
+                let meta = vec![Metadata {
+                    source_range: self.into(),
+                }];
+                Ok(KclValue::Number {
+                    value: (-value) as f64,
+                    meta,
+                })
+            }
+            _ => Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+                message: format!(
+                    "You can only negate numbers, but this is a {}",
+                    value.human_friendly_type()
+                ),
+                source_ranges: vec![self.into()],
+            })),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -325,13 +384,10 @@ impl Node<CallExpression> {
                 // TODO: This could probably be done in a better way, but as of now this was my only idea
                 // and it works.
                 match result {
-                    KclValue::UserVal(ref mut uval) => {
+                    KclValue::Sketch { value: ref mut sketch } => {
-                        uval.mutate(|sketch: &mut Sketch| {
                         for (_, tag) in sketch.tags.iter() {
                             exec_state.memory.update_tag(&tag.value, tag.clone())?;
                         }
-                            Ok::<_, KclError>(())
-                        })?;
                     }
                     KclValue::Solid(ref mut solid) => {
                         for value in &solid.value {
@@ -425,10 +481,10 @@ impl Node<CallExpression> {
                     } else {
                         fn_memory.add(
                             &param.identifier.name,
-                            KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+                            KclValue::KclNone {
-                                value: serde_json::value::Value::Null,
+                                value: KclNone::new(),
-                                meta: Default::default(),
+                                meta: vec![self.into()],
-                            }),
+                            },
                             param.identifier.clone().into(),
                         )?;
                     }
@@ -531,15 +587,13 @@ impl Node<ArrayExpression> {
                 .execute_expr(element, exec_state, &metadata, StatementKind::Expression)
                 .await?;
 
-            results.push(value.get_json_value()?);
+            results.push(value);
         }
 
-        Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+        Ok(KclValue::Array {
-            value: results.into(),
+            value: results,
-            meta: vec![Metadata {
+            meta: vec![self.into()],
-                source_range: self.into(),
+        })
-            }],
-        }))
     }
 }
 
@@ -549,15 +603,19 @@ impl Node<ArrayRangeExpression> {
         let metadata = Metadata::from(&self.start_element);
         let start = ctx
             .execute_expr(&self.start_element, exec_state, &metadata, StatementKind::Expression)
-            .await?
+            .await?;
-            .get_json_value()?;
+        let start = start.as_int().ok_or(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-        let start = parse_json_number_as_i64(&start, (&self.start_element).into())?;
+            source_ranges: vec![self.into()],
+            message: format!("Expected int but found {}", start.human_friendly_type()),
+        }))?;
         let metadata = Metadata::from(&self.end_element);
         let end = ctx
             .execute_expr(&self.end_element, exec_state, &metadata, StatementKind::Expression)
-            .await?
+            .await?;
-            .get_json_value()?;
+        let end = end.as_int().ok_or(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-        let end = parse_json_number_as_i64(&end, (&self.end_element).into())?;
+            source_ranges: vec![self.into()],
+            message: format!("Expected int but found {}", end.human_friendly_type()),
+        }))?;
 
         if end < start {
             return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
@@ -567,91 +625,73 @@ impl Node<ArrayRangeExpression> {
         }
 
         let range: Vec<_> = if self.end_inclusive {
-            (start..=end).map(JValue::from).collect()
+            (start..=end).collect()
         } else {
-            (start..end).map(JValue::from).collect()
+            (start..end).collect()
         };
 
-        Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+        let meta = vec![Metadata {
-            value: range.into(),
-            meta: vec![Metadata {
             source_range: self.into(),
-            }],
+        }];
-        }))
+        Ok(KclValue::Array {
+            value: range
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|num| KclValue::Int {
+                    value: num,
+                    meta: meta.clone(),
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            meta,
+        })
     }
 }
 
 impl Node<ObjectExpression> {
     #[async_recursion]
     pub async fn execute(&self, exec_state: &mut ExecState, ctx: &ExecutorContext) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
-        let mut object = serde_json::Map::new();
+        let mut object = HashMap::with_capacity(self.properties.len());
         for property in &self.properties {
             let metadata = Metadata::from(&property.value);
             let result = ctx
                 .execute_expr(&property.value, exec_state, &metadata, StatementKind::Expression)
                 .await?;
 
-            object.insert(property.key.name.clone(), result.get_json_value()?);
+            object.insert(property.key.name.clone(), result);
         }
 
-        Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+        Ok(KclValue::Object {
-            value: object.into(),
+            value: object,
             meta: vec![Metadata {
                 source_range: self.into(),
             }],
-        }))
+        })
     }
 }
 
-fn parse_json_number_as_i64(j: &serde_json::Value, source_range: SourceRange) -> Result<i64, KclError> {
+fn article_for(s: &str) -> &'static str {
-    if let serde_json::Value::Number(n) = &j {
+    if s.starts_with(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']) {
-        n.as_i64().ok_or_else(|| {
+        "an"
-            KclError::Syntax(KclErrorDetails {
-                source_ranges: vec![source_range],
-                message: format!("Invalid integer: {}", j),
-            })
-        })
     } else {
-        Err(KclError::Syntax(KclErrorDetails {
+        "a"
-            source_ranges: vec![source_range],
-            message: format!("Invalid integer: {}", j),
-        }))
     }
 }
 
-pub fn parse_json_number_as_f64(j: &serde_json::Value, source_range: SourceRange) -> Result<f64, KclError> {
+pub fn parse_number_as_f64(v: &KclValue, source_range: SourceRange) -> Result<f64, KclError> {
-    if let serde_json::Value::Number(n) = &j {
+    if let KclValue::Number { value: n, .. } = &v {
-        n.as_f64().ok_or_else(|| {
+        Ok(*n)
-            KclError::Syntax(KclErrorDetails {
+    } else if let KclValue::Int { value: n, .. } = &v {
-                source_ranges: vec![source_range],
+        Ok(*n as f64)
-                message: format!("Invalid number: {}", j),
-            })
-        })
     } else {
-        Err(KclError::Syntax(KclErrorDetails {
+        let actual_type = v.human_friendly_type();
-            source_ranges: vec![source_range],
+        let article = if actual_type.starts_with(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']) {
-            message: format!("Invalid number: {}", j),
+            "an"
-        }))
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn parse_json_value_as_string(j: &serde_json::Value) -> Option<String> {
-    if let serde_json::Value::String(n) = &j {
-        Some(n.clone())
         } else {
-        None
+            "a"
-    }
+        };
-}
+        Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-
+            source_ranges: vec![source_range],
-/// JSON value as bool.  If it isn't a bool, returns None.
+            message: format!("Expected a number, but found {article} {actual_type}",),
-pub fn json_as_bool(j: &serde_json::Value) -> Option<bool> {
+        }))
-    match j {
-        JValue::Null => None,
-        JValue::Bool(b) => Some(*b),
-        JValue::Number(_) => None,
-        JValue::String(_) => None,
-        JValue::Array(_) => None,
-        JValue::Object(_) => None,
     }
 }
 
@@ -724,15 +764,7 @@ impl Property {
                 } else {
                     // Actually evaluate memory to compute the property.
                     let prop = exec_state.memory.get(name, property_src)?;
-                    let KclValue::UserVal(prop) = prop else {
+                    jvalue_to_prop(prop, property_sr, name)
-                        return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                            source_ranges: property_sr,
-                            message: format!(
-                                "{name} is not a valid property/index, you can only use a string or int (>= 0) here",
-                            ),
-                        }));
-                    };
-                    jvalue_to_prop(&prop.value, property_sr, name)
                 }
             }
             LiteralIdentifier::Literal(literal) => {
@@ -759,35 +791,37 @@ impl Property {
     }
 }
 
-fn jvalue_to_prop(value: &JValue, property_sr: Vec<SourceRange>, name: &str) -> Result<Property, KclError> {
+fn jvalue_to_prop(value: &KclValue, property_sr: Vec<SourceRange>, name: &str) -> Result<Property, KclError> {
     let make_err = |message: String| {
         Err::<Property, _>(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
             source_ranges: property_sr,
             message,
         }))
     };
-    const MUST_BE_POSINT: &str = "indices must be whole positive numbers";
-    const TRY_INT: &str = "try using the int() function to make this a whole number";
     match value {
-        JValue::Number(ref num) => {
+        KclValue::Int { value:num, meta: _ } => {
-            let maybe_uint = num.as_u64().and_then(|x| usize::try_from(x).ok());
+            let maybe_int: Result<usize, _> = (*num).try_into();
-            if let Some(uint) = maybe_uint {
+            if let Ok(uint) = maybe_int {
                 Ok(Property::Number(uint))
-            } else if let Some(iint) = num.as_i64() {
+            }
-                make_err(format!("'{iint}' is not a valid index, {MUST_BE_POSINT}"))
+            else {
-            } else if let Some(fnum) = num.as_f64() {
+                make_err(format!("'{num}' is negative, so you can't index an array with it"))
-                if fnum < 0.0 {
+            }
-                    make_err(format!("'{fnum}' is not a valid index, {MUST_BE_POSINT}"))
+        }
-                } else if fnum.fract() == 0.0 {
+        KclValue::Number{value: num, meta:_} => {
-                    make_err(format!("'{fnum:.1}' is stored as a fractional number but indices must be whole numbers, {TRY_INT}"))
+            let num = *num;
+            if num < 0.0 {
+                return make_err(format!("'{num}' is negative, so you can't index an array with it"))
+            }
+            let nearest_int = num.round();
+            let delta = num-nearest_int;
+            if delta < FLOAT_TO_INT_MAX_DELTA {
+                Ok(Property::Number(nearest_int as usize))
             } else {
-                    make_err(format!("'{fnum}' is not a valid index, {MUST_BE_POSINT}, {TRY_INT}"))
+                make_err(format!("'{num}' is not an integer, so you can't index an array with it"))
-                }
-            } else {
-                make_err(format!("'{num}' is not a valid index, {MUST_BE_POSINT}"))
             }
         }
-        JValue::String(ref x) => Ok(Property::String(x.to_owned())),
+        KclValue::String{value: x, meta:_} => Ok(Property::String(x.to_owned())),
         _ => {
             make_err(format!("{name} is not a valid property/index, you can only use a string to get the property of an object, or an int (>= 0) to get an item in an array"))
         }

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/ast/types/none.rs

@@ -4,10 +4,7 @@ use databake::*;
 use schemars::JsonSchema;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::{ast::types::ConstraintLevel, executor::KclValue};
-    ast::types::ConstraintLevel,
-    executor::{KclValue, UserVal},
-};
 
 use super::Node;
 
@@ -16,7 +13,7 @@ const KCL_NONE_ID: &str = "KCL_NONE_ID";
 /// KCL value for an optional parameter which was not given an argument.
 /// (remember, parameters are in the function declaration,
 /// arguments are in the function call/application).
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, ts_rs::TS, JsonSchema, Bake, Default)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, ts_rs::TS, JsonSchema, Bake, Default, Copy)]
 #[databake(path = kcl_lib::ast::types)]
 #[ts(export)]
 #[serde(tag = "type")]
@@ -58,19 +55,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl From<&KclNone> for UserVal {
-    fn from(none: &KclNone) -> Self {
-        UserVal {
-            value: serde_json::to_value(none).expect("can always serialize a None"),
-            meta: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<&KclNone> for KclValue {
     fn from(none: &KclNone) -> Self {
-        let val = UserVal::from(none);
+        KclValue::KclNone {
-        KclValue::UserVal(val)
+            value: *none,
+            meta: Default::default(),
+        }
     }
 }
 

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/docs/gen_std_tests.rs

@@ -790,6 +790,7 @@ fn test_generate_stdlib_json_schema() {
     // If this test fails and you've modified the AST or something else which affects the json repr
     // of stdlib functions, you should rerun the test with `EXPECTORATE=overwrite` to create new
     // test data, then check `/docs/kcl/std.json` to ensure the changes are expected.
+    // Alternatively, run `just redo-kcl-stdlib-docs` (make sure to have just installed).
     let stdlib = StdLib::new();
     let combined = stdlib.combined();
 

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/executor.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use kittycad_modeling_cmds::length_unit::LengthUnit;
 use parse_display::{Display, FromStr};
 use schemars::JsonSchema;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serde_json::Value as JValue;
 use tower_lsp::lsp_types::{Position as LspPosition, Range as LspRange};
 
 type Point2D = kcmc::shared::Point2d<f64>;
@@ -27,8 +26,8 @@ type Point3D = kcmc::shared::Point3d<f64>;
 
 use crate::{
     ast::types::{
-        human_friendly_type, BodyItem, Expr, FunctionExpression, ItemVisibility, KclNone, ModuleId, Node, NodeRef,
+        BodyItem, Expr, FunctionExpression, ItemVisibility, KclNone, ModuleId, Node, NodeRef, Program, TagDeclarator,
-        Program, TagDeclarator, TagNode,
+        TagNode,
     },
     engine::{EngineManager, ExecutionKind},
     errors::{KclError, KclErrorDetails},
@@ -201,33 +200,18 @@ impl Environment {
         Self {
             // Prelude
             bindings: HashMap::from([
-                (
+                ("ZERO".to_string(), KclValue::from_number(0.0, Default::default())),
-                    "ZERO".to_string(),
-                    KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
-                        value: serde_json::Value::Number(serde_json::value::Number::from(0)),
-                        meta: Default::default(),
-                    }),
-                ),
                 (
                     "QUARTER_TURN".to_string(),
-                    KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+                    KclValue::from_number(90.0, Default::default()),
-                        value: serde_json::Value::Number(serde_json::value::Number::from(90)),
-                        meta: Default::default(),
-                    }),
                 ),
                 (
                     "HALF_TURN".to_string(),
-                    KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+                    KclValue::from_number(180.0, Default::default()),
-                        value: serde_json::Value::Number(serde_json::value::Number::from(180)),
-                        meta: Default::default(),
-                    }),
                 ),
                 (
                     "THREE_QUARTER_TURN".to_string(),
-                    KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+                    KclValue::from_number(270.0, Default::default()),
-                        value: serde_json::Value::Number(serde_json::value::Number::from(270)),
-                        meta: Default::default(),
-                    }),
                 ),
             ]),
             parent: None,
@@ -264,22 +248,15 @@ impl Environment {
         }
 
         for (_, val) in self.bindings.iter_mut() {
-            let KclValue::UserVal(v) = val else { continue };
+            let KclValue::Sketch { value } = val else { continue };
-            let meta = v.meta.clone();
+            let mut sketch = value.to_owned();
-            let maybe_sg: Result<Sketch, _> = serde_json::from_value(v.value.clone());
-            let Ok(mut sketch) = maybe_sg else {
-                continue;
-            };
 
             if sketch.original_id == sg.original_id {
                 for tag in sg.tags.iter() {
                     sketch.tags.insert(tag.0.clone(), tag.1.clone());
                 }
             }
-            *val = KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+            *val = KclValue::Sketch { value: sketch };
-                meta,
-                value: serde_json::to_value(sketch).expect("can always turn Sketch into JSON"),
-            });
         }
     }
 }
@@ -360,12 +337,52 @@ impl IdGenerator {
 #[ts(export)]
 #[serde(tag = "type")]
 pub enum KclValue {
-    UserVal(UserVal),
+    Uuid {
+        value: ::uuid::Uuid,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
+    Bool {
+        value: bool,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
+    Number {
+        value: f64,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
+    Int {
+        value: i64,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
+    String {
+        value: String,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
+    Array {
+        value: Vec<KclValue>,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
+    Object {
+        value: HashMap<String, KclValue>,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
     TagIdentifier(Box<TagIdentifier>),
     TagDeclarator(crate::ast::types::BoxNode<TagDeclarator>),
     Plane(Box<Plane>),
     Face(Box<Face>),
 
+    Sketch {
+        value: Box<Sketch>,
+    },
+    Sketches {
+        value: Vec<Box<Sketch>>,
+    },
     Solid(Box<Solid>),
     Solids {
         value: Vec<Box<Solid>>,
@@ -380,31 +397,55 @@ pub enum KclValue {
         #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
         meta: Vec<Metadata>,
     },
+    KclNone {
+        value: KclNone,
+        #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
+        meta: Vec<Metadata>,
+    },
 }
 
 impl KclValue {
-    pub(crate) fn new_user_val<T: Serialize>(meta: Vec<Metadata>, val: T) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn metadata(&self) -> Vec<Metadata> {
-        Self::UserVal(UserVal::new(meta, val))
+        match self {
+            KclValue::Uuid { value: _, meta } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Bool { value: _, meta } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Number { value: _, meta } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Int { value: _, meta } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::String { value: _, meta } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Array { value: _, meta } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Object { value: _, meta } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::TagIdentifier(x) => x.meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::TagDeclarator(x) => vec![x.metadata()],
+            KclValue::Plane(x) => x.meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Face(x) => x.meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Sketch { value } => value.meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Sketches { value } => value.iter().flat_map(|sketch| &sketch.meta).copied().collect(),
+            KclValue::Solid(x) => x.meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Solids { value } => value.iter().flat_map(|sketch| &sketch.meta).copied().collect(),
+            KclValue::ImportedGeometry(x) => x.meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::Function { meta, .. } => meta.clone(),
+            KclValue::KclNone { meta, .. } => meta.clone(),
+        }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn get_solid_set(&self) -> Result<SolidSet> {
         match self {
             KclValue::Solid(e) => Ok(SolidSet::Solid(e.clone())),
             KclValue::Solids { value } => Ok(SolidSet::Solids(value.clone())),
-            KclValue::UserVal(value) => {
+            KclValue::Array { value, .. } => {
-                let value = value.value.clone();
+                let solids: Vec<_> = value
-                match value {
+                    .iter()
-                    JValue::Null | JValue::Bool(_) | JValue::Number(_) | JValue::String(_) => Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                    .enumerate()
-                        "Failed to deserialize solid set from JSON {}",
+                    .map(|(i, v)| {
-                        human_friendly_type(&value)
+                        v.as_solid().map(|v| v.to_owned()).map(Box::new).ok_or_else(|| {
-                    )),
+                            anyhow::anyhow!(
-                    JValue::Array(_) => serde_json::from_value::<Vec<Box<Solid>>>(value)
+                                "expected this array to only contain solids, but element {i} was actually {}",
-                        .map(SolidSet::from)
+                                v.human_friendly_type()
-                        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to deserialize array of solids from JSON: {}", e)),
+                            )
-                    JValue::Object(_) => serde_json::from_value::<Box<Solid>>(value)
+                        })
-                        .map(SolidSet::from)
+                    })
-                        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to deserialize solid from JSON: {}", e)),
+                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
-                }
+                Ok(SolidSet::Solids(solids))
             }
             _ => anyhow::bail!("Not a solid or solids: {:?}", self),
         }
@@ -414,43 +455,44 @@ impl KclValue {
     /// on for program logic.
     pub(crate) fn human_friendly_type(&self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
-            KclValue::UserVal(u) => human_friendly_type(&u.value),
+            KclValue::Uuid { .. } => "Unique ID (uuid)",
             KclValue::TagDeclarator(_) => "TagDeclarator",
             KclValue::TagIdentifier(_) => "TagIdentifier",
             KclValue::Solid(_) => "Solid",
             KclValue::Solids { .. } => "Solids",
+            KclValue::Sketch { .. } => "Sketch",
+            KclValue::Sketches { .. } => "Sketches",
             KclValue::ImportedGeometry(_) => "ImportedGeometry",
             KclValue::Function { .. } => "Function",
             KclValue::Plane(_) => "Plane",
             KclValue::Face(_) => "Face",
+            KclValue::Bool { .. } => "boolean (true/false value)",
+            KclValue::Number { .. } => "number",
+            KclValue::Int { .. } => "integer",
+            KclValue::String { .. } => "string (text)",
+            KclValue::Array { .. } => "array (list)",
+            KclValue::Object { .. } => "object",
+            KclValue::KclNone { .. } => "None",
         }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn is_function(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
+        matches!(self, KclValue::Function { .. })
-            KclValue::UserVal(..)
-            | KclValue::TagIdentifier(..)
-            | KclValue::TagDeclarator(..)
-            | KclValue::Plane(..)
-            | KclValue::Face(..)
-            | KclValue::Solid(..)
-            | KclValue::Solids { .. }
-            | KclValue::ImportedGeometry(..) => false,
-            KclValue::Function { .. } => true,
-        }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<SketchSet> for KclValue {
     fn from(sg: SketchSet) -> Self {
-        KclValue::UserVal(UserVal::new(sg.meta(), sg))
+        match sg {
+            SketchSet::Sketch(value) => KclValue::Sketch { value },
+            SketchSet::Sketches(value) => KclValue::Sketches { value },
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl From<Vec<Box<Sketch>>> for KclValue {
     fn from(sg: Vec<Box<Sketch>>) -> Self {
-        let meta = sg.iter().flat_map(|sg| sg.meta.clone()).collect();
+        KclValue::Sketches { value: sg }
-        KclValue::UserVal(UserVal::new(meta, sg))
     }
 }
 
@@ -815,52 +857,6 @@ pub enum PlaneType {
     Custom,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, ts_rs::TS, JsonSchema)]
-#[ts(export)]
-#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub struct UserVal {
-    #[ts(type = "any")]
-    pub value: serde_json::Value,
-    #[serde(rename = "__meta")]
-    pub meta: Vec<Metadata>,
-}
-
-impl UserVal {
-    pub fn new<T: serde::Serialize>(meta: Vec<Metadata>, val: T) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            meta,
-            value: serde_json::to_value(val).expect("all KCL values should be compatible with JSON"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// If the UserVal matches the type `T`, return it.
-    pub fn get<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(&self) -> Option<(T, Vec<Metadata>)> {
-        let meta = self.meta.clone();
-        // TODO: This clone might cause performance problems, it'll happen a lot.
-        let res: Result<T, _> = serde_json::from_value(self.value.clone());
-        if let Ok(t) = res {
-            Some((t, meta))
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// If the UserVal matches the type `T`, then mutate it via the given closure.
-    /// If the closure returns Err, the mutation won't be applied.
-    pub fn mutate<T, F, E>(&mut self, mutate: F) -> Result<(), E>
-    where
-        T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned + Serialize,
-        F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> Result<(), E>,
-    {
-        let Some((mut val, meta)) = self.get::<T>() else {
-            return Ok(());
-        };
-        mutate(&mut val)?;
-        *self = Self::new(meta, val);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, ts_rs::TS, JsonSchema)]
 #[ts(export)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -922,108 +918,177 @@ pub type MemoryFunction =
 impl From<KclValue> for Vec<SourceRange> {
     fn from(item: KclValue) -> Self {
         match item {
-            KclValue::UserVal(u) => u.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::TagDeclarator(t) => vec![SourceRange([t.start, t.end, t.module_id.0 as usize])],
-            KclValue::TagDeclarator(t) => vec![(&t).into()],
+            KclValue::TagIdentifier(t) => to_vec_sr(&t.meta),
-            KclValue::TagIdentifier(t) => t.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Solid(e) => to_vec_sr(&e.meta),
-            KclValue::Solid(e) => e.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Solids { value } => value.iter().flat_map(|eg| to_vec_sr(&eg.meta)).collect(),
-            KclValue::Solids { value } => value
+            KclValue::Sketch { value } => to_vec_sr(&value.meta),
-                .iter()
+            KclValue::Sketches { value } => value.iter().flat_map(|eg| to_vec_sr(&eg.meta)).collect(),
-                .flat_map(|eg| eg.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range))
+            KclValue::ImportedGeometry(i) => to_vec_sr(&i.meta),
-                .collect(),
+            KclValue::Function { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
-            KclValue::ImportedGeometry(i) => i.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Plane(p) => to_vec_sr(&p.meta),
-            KclValue::Function { meta, .. } => meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Face(f) => to_vec_sr(&f.meta),
-            KclValue::Plane(p) => p.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Bool { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
-            KclValue::Face(f) => f.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Number { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
+            KclValue::Int { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
+            KclValue::String { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
+            KclValue::Array { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
+            KclValue::Object { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
+            KclValue::Uuid { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
+            KclValue::KclNone { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(&meta),
         }
     }
 }
 
+fn to_vec_sr(meta: &[Metadata]) -> Vec<SourceRange> {
+    meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect()
+}
+
 impl From<&KclValue> for Vec<SourceRange> {
     fn from(item: &KclValue) -> Self {
         match item {
-            KclValue::UserVal(u) => u.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::TagDeclarator(t) => vec![SourceRange([t.start, t.end, t.module_id.0 as usize])],
-            KclValue::TagDeclarator(ref t) => vec![t.into()],
+            KclValue::TagIdentifier(t) => to_vec_sr(&t.meta),
-            KclValue::TagIdentifier(t) => t.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Solid(e) => to_vec_sr(&e.meta),
-            KclValue::Solid(e) => e.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Solids { value } => value.iter().flat_map(|eg| to_vec_sr(&eg.meta)).collect(),
-            KclValue::Solids { value } => value
+            KclValue::Sketch { value } => to_vec_sr(&value.meta),
-                .iter()
+            KclValue::Sketches { value } => value.iter().flat_map(|eg| to_vec_sr(&eg.meta)).collect(),
-                .flat_map(|eg| eg.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range))
+            KclValue::ImportedGeometry(i) => to_vec_sr(&i.meta),
-                .collect(),
+            KclValue::Function { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
-            KclValue::ImportedGeometry(i) => i.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Plane(p) => to_vec_sr(&p.meta),
-            KclValue::Function { meta, .. } => meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Face(f) => to_vec_sr(&f.meta),
-            KclValue::Plane(p) => p.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Bool { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
-            KclValue::Face(f) => f.meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
+            KclValue::Number { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
+            KclValue::Int { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
+            KclValue::String { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
+            KclValue::Uuid { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
+            KclValue::Array { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
+            KclValue::Object { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
+            KclValue::KclNone { meta, .. } => to_vec_sr(meta),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl KclValue {
-    pub fn get_json_value(&self) -> Result<serde_json::Value, KclError> {
+    /// Put the number into a KCL value.
-        if let KclValue::UserVal(user_val) = self {
+    pub fn from_number(f: f64, meta: Vec<Metadata>) -> Self {
-            Ok(user_val.value.clone())
+        Self::Number { value: f, meta }
-        } else {
+    }
-            serde_json::to_value(self).map_err(|err| {
+
-                KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+    /// Put the point into a KCL value.
-                    message: format!("Cannot convert memory item to json value: {:?}", err),
+    pub fn from_point2d(p: [f64; 2], meta: Vec<Metadata>) -> Self {
-                    source_ranges: self.clone().into(),
+        Self::Array {
-                })
+            value: vec![
-            })
+                Self::Number {
+                    value: p[0],
+                    meta: meta.clone(),
+                },
+                Self::Number {
+                    value: p[1],
+                    meta: meta.clone(),
+                },
+            ],
+            meta,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Get a JSON value and deserialize it into some concrete type.
+    pub(crate) fn as_usize(&self) -> Option<usize> {
-    pub fn get_json<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(&self) -> Result<T, KclError> {
+        match self {
-        let json = self.get_json_value()?;
+            KclValue::Int { value, .. } => Some(*value as usize),
-
+            _ => None,
-        serde_json::from_value(json).map_err(|e| {
-            KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: format!("Failed to deserialize struct from JSON: {}", e),
-                source_ranges: self.clone().into(),
-            })
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Get a JSON value and deserialize it into some concrete type.
-    /// If it's a KCL None, return None. Otherwise return Some.
-    pub fn get_json_opt<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(&self) -> Result<Option<T>, KclError> {
-        let json = self.get_json_value()?;
-        if let JValue::Object(ref o) = json {
-            if let Some(JValue::String(s)) = o.get("type") {
-                if s == "KclNone" {
-                    return Ok(None);
-                }
         }
     }
 
-        serde_json::from_value(json)
+    pub fn as_int(&self) -> Option<i64> {
-            .map_err(|e| {
+        if let KclValue::Int { value, meta: _ } = &self {
-                KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
+            Some(*value)
-                    message: format!("Failed to deserialize struct from JSON: {}", e),
-                    source_ranges: self.clone().into(),
-                })
-            })
-            .map(Some)
-    }
-
-    pub fn as_user_val(&self) -> Option<&UserVal> {
-        if let KclValue::UserVal(x) = self {
-            Some(x)
         } else {
             None
         }
     }
 
-    /// If this value is of type u32, return it.
+    pub fn as_object(&self) -> Option<&HashMap<String, KclValue>> {
+        if let KclValue::Object { value, meta: _ } = &self {
+            Some(value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        if let KclValue::String { value, meta: _ } = &self {
+            Some(value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_array(&self) -> Option<&[KclValue]> {
+        if let KclValue::Array { value, meta: _ } = &self {
+            Some(value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_point2d(&self) -> Option<[f64; 2]> {
+        let arr = self.as_array()?;
+        if arr.len() != 2 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let x = arr[0].as_f64()?;
+        let y = arr[1].as_f64()?;
+        Some([x, y])
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_uuid(&self) -> Option<uuid::Uuid> {
+        if let KclValue::Uuid { value, meta: _ } = &self {
+            Some(*value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_solid(&self) -> Option<&Solid> {
+        if let KclValue::Solid(value) = &self {
+            Some(value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_f64(&self) -> Option<f64> {
+        if let KclValue::Number { value, meta: _ } = &self {
+            Some(*value)
+        } else if let KclValue::Int { value, meta: _ } = &self {
+            Some(*value as f64)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_bool(&self) -> Option<bool> {
+        if let KclValue::Bool { value, meta: _ } = &self {
+            Some(*value)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If this value fits in a u32, return it.
     pub fn get_u32(&self, source_ranges: Vec<SourceRange>) -> Result<u32, KclError> {
-        let err = KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+        let u = self.as_int().and_then(|n| u64::try_from(n).ok()).ok_or_else(|| {
+            KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
                 message: "Expected an integer >= 0".to_owned(),
+                source_ranges: source_ranges.clone(),
+            })
+        })?;
+        u32::try_from(u).map_err(|_| {
+            KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+                message: "Number was too big".to_owned(),
                 source_ranges,
-        });
+            })
-        self.as_user_val()
+        })
-            .and_then(|uv| uv.value.as_number())
-            .and_then(|n| n.as_u64())
-            .and_then(|n| u32::try_from(n).ok())
-            .ok_or(err)
     }
 
     /// If this value is of type function, return it.
@@ -1048,16 +1113,6 @@ impl KclValue {
     pub fn get_tag_identifier(&self) -> Result<TagIdentifier, KclError> {
         match self {
             KclValue::TagIdentifier(t) => Ok(*t.clone()),
-            KclValue::UserVal(_) => {
-                if let Some(identifier) = self.get_json_opt::<TagIdentifier>()? {
-                    Ok(identifier)
-                } else {
-                    Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                        message: format!("Not a tag identifier: {:?}", self),
-                        source_ranges: self.clone().into(),
-                    }))
-                }
-            }
             _ => Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
                 message: format!("Not a tag identifier: {:?}", self),
                 source_ranges: self.clone().into(),
@@ -1089,19 +1144,13 @@ impl KclValue {
 
     /// If this KCL value is a bool, retrieve it.
     pub fn get_bool(&self) -> Result<bool, KclError> {
-        let Self::UserVal(uv) = self else {
+        let Self::Bool { value: b, .. } = self else {
             return Err(KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
                 source_ranges: self.into(),
                 message: format!("Expected bool, found {}", self.human_friendly_type()),
             }));
         };
-        let JValue::Bool(b) = uv.value else {
+        Ok(*b)
-            return Err(KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
-                source_ranges: self.into(),
-                message: format!("Expected bool, found {}", human_friendly_type(&uv.value)),
-            }));
-        };
-        Ok(b)
     }
 
     /// If this memory item is a function, call it with the given arguments, return its val as Ok.
@@ -1555,7 +1604,7 @@ impl From<Point3d> for kittycad_modeling_cmds::shared::Point3d<LengthUnit> {
 }
 
 /// Metadata.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, ts_rs::TS, JsonSchema, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, ts_rs::TS, JsonSchema, Eq, Copy)]
 #[ts(export)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct Metadata {
@@ -1563,6 +1612,12 @@ pub struct Metadata {
     pub source_range: SourceRange,
 }
 
+impl From<Metadata> for Vec<SourceRange> {
+    fn from(meta: Metadata) -> Self {
+        vec![meta.source_range]
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<SourceRange> for Metadata {
     fn from(source_range: SourceRange) -> Self {
         Self { source_range }
@@ -2655,74 +2710,8 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     /// Convenience function to get a JSON value from memory and unwrap.
-    fn mem_get_json(memory: &ProgramMemory, name: &str) -> serde_json::Value {
+    fn mem_get_json(memory: &ProgramMemory, name: &str) -> KclValue {
-        memory
+        memory.get(name, SourceRange::default()).unwrap().to_owned()
-            .get(name, SourceRange::default())
-            .unwrap()
-            .get_json_value()
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_execute_assign_two_variables() {
-        let ast = r#"const myVar = 5
-const newVar = myVar + 1"#;
-        let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(5),
-            memory
-                .get("myVar", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(6.0),
-            memory
-                .get("newVar", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_execute_angled_line_that_intersects() {
-        let ast_fn = |offset: &str| -> String {
-            format!(
-                r#"const part001 = startSketchOn('XY')
-  |> startProfileAt([0, 0], %)
-  |> lineTo([2, 2], %, $yo)
-  |> lineTo([3, 1], %)
-  |> angledLineThatIntersects({{
-  angle: 180,
-  intersectTag: yo,
-  offset: {},
-}}, %, $yo2)
-const intersect = segEndX(yo2)"#,
-                offset
-            )
-        };
-
-        let memory = parse_execute(&ast_fn("-1")).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(1.0 + 2.0f64.sqrt()),
-            memory
-                .get("intersect", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-
-        let memory = parse_execute(&ast_fn("0")).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(1.0000000000000002),
-            memory
-                .get("intersect", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
@@ -3120,200 +3109,41 @@ let shape = layer() |> patternTransform(10, transform, %)
         );
     }
 
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+    // ADAM: Move some of these into simulation tests.
-    async fn test_execute_function_with_parameter_redefined_outside() {
-        let ast = r#"
-fn myIdentity = (x) => {
-  return x
-}
-
-const x = 33
-
-const two = myIdentity(2)"#;
-
-        let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(2),
-            memory
-                .get("two", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(33),
-            memory
-                .get("x", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_execute_function_referencing_variable_in_parent_scope() {
-        let ast = r#"
-const x = 22
-const y = 3
-
-fn add = (x) => {
-  return x + y
-}
-
-const answer = add(2)"#;
-
-        let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(5.0),
-            memory
-                .get("answer", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(22),
-            memory
-                .get("x", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_execute_function_redefining_variable_in_parent_scope() {
-        let ast = r#"
-const x = 1
-
-fn foo = () => {
-  const x = 2
-  return x
-}
-
-const answer = foo()"#;
-
-        let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(2),
-            memory
-                .get("answer", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(1),
-            memory
-                .get("x", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
-    async fn test_execute_pattern_transform_function_redefining_variable_in_parent_scope() {
-        let ast = r#"
-const scale = 100
-fn transform = (replicaId) => {
-  // Redefine same variable as in parent scope.
-  const scale = 2
-  return {
-    translate: [0, 0, replicaId * 10],
-    scale: [scale, 1, 0],
-  }
-}
-
-fn layer = () => {
-  return startSketchOn("XY")
-    |> circle({ center: [0, 0], radius: 1 }, %, $tag1)
-    |> extrude(10, %)
-}
-
-// The 10 layers are replicas of each other, with a transform applied to each.
-let shape = layer() |> patternTransform(10, transform, %)"#;
-
-        let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        // TODO: Assert that scale 2 was used.
-        assert_eq!(
-            serde_json::json!(100),
-            memory
-                .get("scale", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-    }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
     async fn test_math_execute_with_functions() {
         let ast = r#"const myVar = 2 + min(100, -1 + legLen(5, 3))"#;
         let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(5.0, mem_get_json(&memory, "myVar").as_f64().unwrap());
-            serde_json::json!(5.0),
-            memory
-                .get("myVar", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
     async fn test_math_execute() {
         let ast = r#"const myVar = 1 + 2 * (3 - 4) / -5 + 6"#;
         let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(7.4, mem_get_json(&memory, "myVar").as_f64().unwrap());
-            serde_json::json!(7.4),
-            memory
-                .get("myVar", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
     async fn test_math_execute_start_negative() {
         let ast = r#"const myVar = -5 + 6"#;
         let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(1.0, mem_get_json(&memory, "myVar").as_f64().unwrap());
-            serde_json::json!(1.0),
-            memory
-                .get("myVar", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
     async fn test_math_execute_with_pi() {
         let ast = r#"const myVar = pi() * 2"#;
         let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(std::f64::consts::TAU, mem_get_json(&memory, "myVar").as_f64().unwrap());
-            serde_json::json!(std::f64::consts::TAU),
-            memory
-                .get("myVar", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
     async fn test_math_define_decimal_without_leading_zero() {
         let ast = r#"let thing = .4 + 7"#;
         let memory = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(7.4, mem_get_json(&memory, "thing").as_f64().unwrap());
-            serde_json::json!(7.4),
-            memory
-                .get("thing", SourceRange::default())
-                .unwrap()
-                .get_json_value()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
@@ -3353,10 +3183,10 @@ fn check = (x) => {
 check(false)
 "#;
         let mem = parse_execute(ast).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(serde_json::json!(false), mem_get_json(&mem, "notTrue"));
+        assert_eq!(false, mem_get_json(&mem, "notTrue").as_bool().unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(serde_json::json!(true), mem_get_json(&mem, "notFalse"));
+        assert_eq!(true, mem_get_json(&mem, "notFalse").as_bool().unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(serde_json::json!(true), mem_get_json(&mem, "c"));
+        assert_eq!(true, mem_get_json(&mem, "c").as_bool().unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(serde_json::json!(false), mem_get_json(&mem, "d"));
+        assert_eq!(false, mem_get_json(&mem, "d").as_bool().unwrap());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
@@ -3369,7 +3199,7 @@ let notNull = !myNull
         assert_eq!(
             parse_execute(code1).await.unwrap_err().downcast::<KclError>().unwrap(),
             KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: null".to_owned(),
+                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: number".to_owned(),
                 source_ranges: vec![SourceRange([56, 63, 0])],
             })
         );
@@ -3378,7 +3208,7 @@ let notNull = !myNull
         assert_eq!(
             parse_execute(code2).await.unwrap_err().downcast::<KclError>().unwrap(),
             KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: 0".to_owned(),
+                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: integer".to_owned(),
                 source_ranges: vec![SourceRange([14, 16, 0])],
             })
         );
@@ -3389,7 +3219,7 @@ let notEmptyString = !""
         assert_eq!(
             parse_execute(code3).await.unwrap_err().downcast::<KclError>().unwrap(),
             KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: \"\"".to_owned(),
+                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: string (text)".to_owned(),
                 source_ranges: vec![SourceRange([22, 25, 0])],
             })
         );
@@ -3401,7 +3231,7 @@ let notMember = !obj.a
         assert_eq!(
             parse_execute(code4).await.unwrap_err().downcast::<KclError>().unwrap(),
             KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: 1".to_owned(),
+                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: integer".to_owned(),
                 source_ranges: vec![SourceRange([36, 42, 0])],
             })
         );
@@ -3412,7 +3242,7 @@ let notArray = !a";
         assert_eq!(
             parse_execute(code5).await.unwrap_err().downcast::<KclError>().unwrap(),
             KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: []".to_owned(),
+                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: array (list)".to_owned(),
                 source_ranges: vec![SourceRange([27, 29, 0])],
             })
         );
@@ -3423,7 +3253,7 @@ let notObject = !x";
         assert_eq!(
             parse_execute(code6).await.unwrap_err().downcast::<KclError>().unwrap(),
             KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: {}".to_owned(),
+                message: "Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: object".to_owned(),
                 source_ranges: vec![SourceRange([28, 30, 0])],
             })
         );
@@ -3451,7 +3281,7 @@ let notTagDeclarator = !myTagDeclarator";
         assert!(
             tag_declarator_err
                 .message()
-                .starts_with("Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: {\"type\":\"TagDeclarator\","),
+                .starts_with("Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: TagDeclarator"),
             "Actual error: {:?}",
             tag_declarator_err
         );
@@ -3465,7 +3295,7 @@ let notTagIdentifier = !myTag";
         assert!(
             tag_identifier_err
                 .message()
-                .starts_with("Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: {\"type\":\"TagIdentifier\","),
+                .starts_with("Cannot apply unary operator ! to non-boolean value: TagIdentifier"),
             "Actual error: {:?}",
             tag_identifier_err
         );
@@ -3603,10 +3433,10 @@ let w = f() + f()
     fn test_assign_args_to_params() {
         // Set up a little framework for this test.
         fn mem(number: usize) -> KclValue {
-            KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+            KclValue::Int {
-                value: number.into(),
+                value: number as i64,
                 meta: Default::default(),
-            })
+            }
         }
         fn ident(s: &'static str) -> Node<Identifier> {
             Node::no_src(Identifier {

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/settings/types/mod.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ pub mod project;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use parse_display::{Display, FromStr};
 use schemars::JsonSchema;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde::{Deserializer, Deserialize, Serialize};
 use validator::{Validate, ValidateRange};
 
 const DEFAULT_THEME_COLOR: f64 = 264.5;
@@ -119,12 +119,34 @@ pub struct AppSettings {
     /// This setting only applies to the web app. And is temporary until we have Linux support.
     #[serde(default, alias = "dismissWebBanner", skip_serializing_if = "is_default")]
     pub dismiss_web_banner: bool,
-    /// When the user is idle, and this is true, the stream will be torn down.
+    /// When the user is idle, teardown the stream after some time.
-    #[serde(default, alias = "streamIdleMode", skip_serializing_if = "is_default")]
+    #[serde(default, deserialize_with = "deserialize_stream_idle_mode", alias = "streamIdleMode", skip_serializing_if = "is_default")]
-    stream_idle_mode: bool,
+    stream_idle_mode: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+fn deserialize_stream_idle_mode<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Option<u32>, D::Error>
+where
+  D: Deserializer<'de>,
+{
+  #[derive(Deserialize)]
+  #[serde(untagged)]
+  enum StreamIdleModeValue {
+    String(String),
+    Boolean(bool),
+  }
+
+  const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: u32 = 1000 * 60 * 5;
+
+  Ok(match StreamIdleModeValue::deserialize(deserializer) {
+    Ok(StreamIdleModeValue::String(value)) => Some(value.parse::<u32>().unwrap_or(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)),
+    // The old type of this value. I'm willing to say no one used it but
+    // we can never guarantee it.
+    Ok(StreamIdleModeValue::Boolean(true)) => Some(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+    Ok(StreamIdleModeValue::Boolean(false)) => None,
+    _ => None
+  })
 }
 
-// TODO: When we remove backwards compatibility with the old settings file, we can remove this.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, JsonSchema, ts_rs::TS, PartialEq)]
 #[ts(export)]
 #[serde(untagged)]
@@ -582,7 +604,7 @@ textWrapping = true
                         theme_color: None,
                         dismiss_web_banner: false,
                         enable_ssao: None,
-                        stream_idle_mode: false,
+                        stream_idle_mode: None,
                     },
                     modeling: ModelingSettings {
                         base_unit: UnitLength::In,
@@ -643,7 +665,7 @@ includeSettings = false
                         theme_color: None,
                         dismiss_web_banner: false,
                         enable_ssao: None,
-                        stream_idle_mode: false,
+                        stream_idle_mode: None,
                     },
                     modeling: ModelingSettings {
                         base_unit: UnitLength::Yd,
@@ -709,7 +731,7 @@ defaultProjectName = "projects-$nnn"
                         theme_color: None,
                         dismiss_web_banner: false,
                         enable_ssao: None,
-                        stream_idle_mode: false,
+                        stream_idle_mode: None,
                     },
                     modeling: ModelingSettings {
                         base_unit: UnitLength::Yd,
@@ -787,7 +809,7 @@ projectDirectory = "/Users/macinatormax/Documents/kittycad-modeling-projects""#;
                         theme_color: None,
                         dismiss_web_banner: false,
                         enable_ssao: None,
-                        stream_idle_mode: false,
+                        stream_idle_mode: None,
                     },
                     modeling: ModelingSettings {
                         base_unit: UnitLength::Mm,

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/settings/types/project.rs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ includeSettings = false
                         theme_color: None,
                         dismiss_web_banner: false,
                         enable_ssao: None,
-                        stream_idle_mode: false,
+                        stream_idle_mode: None,
                     },
                     modeling: ModelingSettings {
                         base_unit: UnitLength::Yd,

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/array.rs

@@ -1,47 +1,25 @@
 use derive_docs::stdlib;
-use serde_json::Value as JValue;
 
 use super::{args::FromArgs, Args, FnAsArg};
 use crate::{
     errors::{KclError, KclErrorDetails},
-    executor::{ExecState, KclValue, SourceRange, UserVal},
+    executor::{ExecState, KclValue, SourceRange},
     function_param::FunctionParam,
 };
 
 /// Apply a function to each element of an array.
 pub async fn map(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
-    let (array, f): (Vec<JValue>, FnAsArg<'_>) = FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
+    let (array, f): (Vec<KclValue>, FnAsArg<'_>) = FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
-    let array: Vec<KclValue> = array
+    let meta = vec![args.source_range.into()];
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|jval| {
-            KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
-                value: jval,
-                meta: vec![args.source_range.into()],
-            })
-        })
-        .collect();
     let map_fn = FunctionParam {
         inner: f.func,
         fn_expr: f.expr,
-        meta: vec![args.source_range.into()],
+        meta: meta.clone(),
         ctx: args.ctx.clone(),
         memory: *f.memory,
     };
     let new_array = inner_map(array, map_fn, exec_state, &args).await?;
-    let unwrapped = new_array
+    Ok(KclValue::Array { value: new_array, meta })
-        .clone()
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|k| match k {
-            KclValue::UserVal(user_val) => Ok(user_val.value),
-            _ => Err(()),
-        })
-        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>();
-    if let Ok(unwrapped) = unwrapped {
-        let uv = UserVal::new(vec![args.source_range.into()], unwrapped);
-        return Ok(KclValue::UserVal(uv));
-    }
-    let uv = UserVal::new(vec![args.source_range.into()], new_array);
-    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(uv))
 }
 
 /// Apply a function to every element of a list.
@@ -110,16 +88,7 @@ async fn call_map_closure<'a>(
 
 /// For each item in an array, update a value.
 pub async fn reduce(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
-    let (array, start, f): (Vec<JValue>, KclValue, FnAsArg<'_>) = FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
+    let (array, start, f): (Vec<KclValue>, KclValue, FnAsArg<'_>) = FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
-    let array: Vec<KclValue> = array
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|jval| {
-            KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
-                value: jval,
-                meta: vec![args.source_range.into()],
-            })
-        })
-        .collect();
     let reduce_fn = FunctionParam {
         inner: f.func,
         fn_expr: f.expr,
@@ -206,50 +175,26 @@ async fn call_reduce_closure<'a>(
 #[stdlib {
     name = "push",
 }]
-async fn inner_push(array: Vec<KclValue>, elem: KclValue, args: &Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
+async fn inner_push(mut array: Vec<KclValue>, elem: KclValue, args: &Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     // Unwrap the KclValues to JValues for manipulation
-    let mut unwrapped_array = array
+    array.push(elem);
-        .into_iter()
+    Ok(KclValue::Array {
-        .map(|k| match k {
+        value: array,
-            KclValue::UserVal(user_val) => Ok(user_val.value),
+        meta: vec![args.source_range.into()],
-            _ => Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Expected a UserVal in array".to_string(),
-                source_ranges: vec![args.source_range],
-            })),
     })
-        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-
-    // Unwrap the element
-    let unwrapped_elem = match elem {
-        KclValue::UserVal(user_val) => user_val.value,
-        _ => {
-            return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: "Expected a UserVal as element".to_string(),
-                source_ranges: vec![args.source_range],
-            }));
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Append the element to the array
-    unwrapped_array.push(unwrapped_elem);
-
-    // Wrap the new array into a UserVal with the source range metadata
-    let uv = UserVal::new(vec![args.source_range.into()], unwrapped_array);
-
-    // Return the new array wrapped as a KclValue::UserVal
-    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(uv))
 }
 
 pub async fn push(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     // Extract the array and the element from the arguments
-    let (array_jvalues, elem): (Vec<JValue>, KclValue) = FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
+    let (val, elem): (KclValue, KclValue) = FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
 
-    // Convert the array of JValue into Vec<KclValue>
+    let meta = vec![args.source_range];
-    let array: Vec<KclValue> = array_jvalues
+    let KclValue::Array { value: array, meta: _ } = val else {
-        .into_iter()
+        let actual_type = val.human_friendly_type();
-        .map(|jval| KclValue::UserVal(UserVal::new(vec![args.source_range.into()], jval)))
+        return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
-        .collect();
+            source_ranges: meta,
-
+            message: format!("You can't push to a value of type {actual_type}, only an array"),
-    // Call the inner_push function
+        }));
+    };
     inner_push(array, elem, &args).await
 }

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/assert.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ async fn _assert(value: bool, message: &str, args: &Args) -> Result<(), KclError
 pub async fn assert(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (data, description): (bool, String) = args.get_data()?;
     inner_assert(data, &description, &args).await?;
-    Ok(args.make_null_user_val())
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(0.0)) // TODO: Add a new Void enum for fns that don't return anything.
 }
 
 /// Check a value at runtime, and raise an error if the argument provided
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ async fn inner_assert(data: bool, message: &str, args: &Args) -> Result<(), KclE
 pub async fn assert_lt(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (left, right, description): (f64, f64, String) = args.get_data()?;
     inner_assert_lt(left, right, &description, &args).await?;
-    Ok(args.make_null_user_val())
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(0.0)) // TODO: Add a new Void enum for fns that don't return anything.
 }
 
 /// Check that a numerical value is less than to another at runtime,
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ async fn inner_assert_lt(left: f64, right: f64, message: &str, args: &Args) -> R
 pub async fn assert_gt(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (left, right, description): (f64, f64, String) = args.get_data()?;
     inner_assert_gt(left, right, &description, &args).await?;
-    Ok(args.make_null_user_val())
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(0.0)) // TODO: Add a new Void enum for fns that don't return anything.
 }
 
 /// Check that a numerical value equals another at runtime,
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ async fn inner_assert_equal(left: f64, right: f64, epsilon: f64, message: &str,
 pub async fn assert_equal(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (left, right, epsilon, description): (f64, f64, f64, String) = args.get_data()?;
     inner_assert_equal(left, right, epsilon, &description, &args).await?;
-    Ok(args.make_null_user_val())
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(0.0)) // TODO: Add a new Void enum for fns that don't return anything.
 }
 
 /// Check that a numerical value is greater than another at runtime,
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ async fn inner_assert_gt(left: f64, right: f64, message: &str, args: &Args) -> R
 pub async fn assert_lte(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (left, right, description): (f64, f64, String) = args.get_data()?;
     inner_assert_lte(left, right, &description, &args).await?;
-    Ok(args.make_null_user_val())
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(0.0)) // TODO: Add a new Void enum for fns that don't return anything.
 }
 
 /// Check that a numerical value is less than or equal to another at runtime,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ async fn inner_assert_lte(left: f64, right: f64, message: &str, args: &Args) ->
 pub async fn assert_gte(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (left, right, description): (f64, f64, String) = args.get_data()?;
     inner_assert_gte(left, right, &description, &args).await?;
-    Ok(args.make_null_user_val())
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(0.0)) // TODO: Add a new Void enum for fns that don't return anything.
 }
 
 /// Check that a numerical value is greater than or equal to another at runtime,

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/extrude.rs

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn do_post_extrude(
                             tag: path.get_base().tag.clone(),
                             geo_meta: GeoMeta {
                                 id: path.get_base().geo_meta.id,
-                                metadata: path.get_base().geo_meta.metadata.clone(),
+                                metadata: path.get_base().geo_meta.metadata,
                             },
                         });
                         Some(extrude_surface)
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn do_post_extrude(
                             tag: path.get_base().tag.clone(),
                             geo_meta: GeoMeta {
                                 id: path.get_base().geo_meta.id,
-                                metadata: path.get_base().geo_meta.metadata.clone(),
+                                metadata: path.get_base().geo_meta.metadata,
                             },
                         });
                         Some(extrude_surface)
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn do_post_extrude(
                     tag: path.get_base().tag.clone(),
                     geo_meta: GeoMeta {
                         id: path.get_base().geo_meta.id,
-                        metadata: path.get_base().geo_meta.metadata.clone(),
+                        metadata: path.get_base().geo_meta.metadata,
                     },
                 });
                 Some(extrude_surface)

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/fillet.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use uuid::Uuid;
 use crate::{
     ast::types::TagNode,
     errors::{KclError, KclErrorDetails},
-    executor::{EdgeCut, ExecState, ExtrudeSurface, FilletSurface, GeoMeta, KclValue, Solid, TagIdentifier, UserVal},
+    executor::{EdgeCut, ExecState, ExtrudeSurface, FilletSurface, GeoMeta, KclValue, Solid, TagIdentifier},
     settings::types::UnitLength,
     std::Args,
 };
@@ -186,15 +186,10 @@ pub async fn get_opposite_edge(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
 
     let edge = inner_get_opposite_edge(tag, exec_state, args.clone()).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+    Ok(KclValue::Uuid {
-        value: serde_json::to_value(edge).map_err(|e| {
+        value: edge,
-            KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: format!("Failed to convert Uuid to json: {}", e),
-                source_ranges: vec![args.source_range],
-            })
-        })?,
         meta: vec![args.source_range.into()],
-    }))
+    })
 }
 
 /// Get the opposite edge to the edge given.
@@ -264,15 +259,10 @@ pub async fn get_next_adjacent_edge(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> R
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
 
     let edge = inner_get_next_adjacent_edge(tag, exec_state, args.clone()).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+    Ok(KclValue::Uuid {
-        value: serde_json::to_value(edge).map_err(|e| {
+        value: edge,
-            KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: format!("Failed to convert Uuid to json: {}", e),
-                source_ranges: vec![args.source_range],
-            })
-        })?,
         meta: vec![args.source_range.into()],
-    }))
+    })
 }
 
 /// Get the next adjacent edge to the edge given.
@@ -354,15 +344,10 @@ pub async fn get_previous_adjacent_edge(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args)
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
 
     let edge = inner_get_previous_adjacent_edge(tag, exec_state, args.clone()).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+    Ok(KclValue::Uuid {
-        value: serde_json::to_value(edge).map_err(|e| {
+        value: edge,
-            KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: format!("Failed to convert Uuid to json: {}", e),
-                source_ranges: vec![args.source_range],
-            })
-        })?,
         meta: vec![args.source_range.into()],
-    }))
+    })
 }
 
 /// Get the previous adjacent edge to the edge given.

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/math.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub async fn cos(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_cos(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the cosine of a number (in radians).
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub async fn sin(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_sin(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the sine of a number (in radians).
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub async fn tan(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_tan(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the tangent of a number (in radians).
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ fn inner_tan(num: f64) -> Result<f64, KclError> {
 pub async fn pi(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let result = inner_pi()?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Return the value of `pi`. Archimedes’ constant (π).
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ pub async fn sqrt(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, K
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_sqrt(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the square root of a number.
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ pub async fn abs(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_abs(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the absolute value of a number.
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ pub async fn floor(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue,
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_floor(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the largest integer less than or equal to a number.
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ pub async fn ceil(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, K
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_ceil(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number.
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ pub async fn min(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let nums = args.get_number_array()?;
     let result = inner_min(nums);
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the minimum of the given arguments.
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ pub async fn max(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let nums = args.get_number_array()?;
     let result = inner_max(nums);
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the maximum of the given arguments.
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ pub async fn pow(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
 
     let result = inner_pow(nums[0], nums[1])?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the number to a power.
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ pub async fn acos(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, K
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_acos(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the arccosine of a number (in radians).
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ pub async fn asin(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, K
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_asin(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the arcsine of a number (in radians).
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ pub async fn atan(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, K
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_atan(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the arctangent of a number (in radians).
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ pub async fn log(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     }
     let result = inner_log(nums[0], nums[1])?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the logarithm of the number with respect to an arbitrary base.
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ pub async fn log2(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, K
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_log2(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the base 2 logarithm of the number.
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ pub async fn log10(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue,
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_log10(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the base 10 logarithm of the number.
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ pub async fn ln(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kcl
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_ln(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the natural logarithm of the number.
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ fn inner_ln(num: f64) -> Result<f64, KclError> {
 pub async fn e(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let result = inner_e()?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Return the value of Euler’s number `e`.
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ fn inner_e() -> Result<f64, KclError> {
 pub async fn tau(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let result = inner_tau()?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Return the value of `tau`. The full circle constant (τ). Equal to 2π.
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ pub async fn to_radians(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclVa
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_to_radians(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Converts a number from degrees to radians.
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ pub async fn to_degrees(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclVa
     let num = args.get_number()?;
     let result = inner_to_degrees(num)?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Converts a number from radians to degrees.

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/mod.rs

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ pub enum FunctionKind {
 pub async fn leg_length(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (hypotenuse, leg) = args.get_hypotenuse_leg()?;
     let result = inner_leg_length(hypotenuse, leg);
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(KclValue::from_number(result, vec![args.into()]))
 }
 
 /// Compute the length of the given leg.
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ fn inner_leg_length(hypotenuse: f64, leg: f64) -> f64 {
 pub async fn leg_angle_x(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (hypotenuse, leg) = args.get_hypotenuse_leg()?;
     let result = inner_leg_angle_x(hypotenuse, leg);
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(KclValue::from_number(result, vec![args.into()]))
 }
 
 /// Compute the angle of the given leg for x.
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ fn inner_leg_angle_x(hypotenuse: f64, leg: f64) -> f64 {
 pub async fn leg_angle_y(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (hypotenuse, leg) = args.get_hypotenuse_leg()?;
     let result = inner_leg_angle_y(hypotenuse, leg);
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(KclValue::from_number(result, vec![args.into()]))
 }
 
 /// Compute the angle of the given leg for y.

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/patterns.rs

@@ -14,13 +14,10 @@ use kittycad_modeling_cmds::{
 };
 use schemars::JsonSchema;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serde_json::Value as JValue;
 
 use crate::{
     errors::{KclError, KclErrorDetails},
-    executor::{
+    executor::{ExecState, Geometries, Geometry, KclValue, Point3d, Sketch, SketchSet, Solid, SolidSet, SourceRange},
-        ExecState, Geometries, Geometry, KclValue, Point3d, Sketch, SketchSet, Solid, SolidSet, SourceRange, UserVal,
-    },
     function_param::FunctionParam,
     std::{types::Uint, Args},
 };
@@ -361,10 +358,10 @@ async fn make_transform<'a>(
     exec_state: &mut ExecState,
 ) -> Result<Transform, KclError> {
     // Call the transform fn for this repetition.
-    let repetition_num = KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+    let repetition_num = KclValue::Int {
-        value: JValue::Number(i.into()),
+        value: i.into(),
         meta: vec![source_range.into()],
-    });
+    };
     let transform_fn_args = vec![repetition_num];
     let transform_fn_return = transform_function.call(exec_state, transform_fn_args).await?;
 
@@ -376,7 +373,7 @@ async fn make_transform<'a>(
             source_ranges: source_ranges.clone(),
         })
     })?;
-    let KclValue::UserVal(transform) = transform_fn_return else {
+    let KclValue::Object { value: transform, meta } = transform_fn_return else {
         return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
             message: "Transform function must return a transform object".to_string(),
             source_ranges: source_ranges.clone(),
@@ -384,9 +381,9 @@ async fn make_transform<'a>(
     };
 
     // Apply defaults to the transform.
-    let replicate = match transform.value.get("replicate") {
+    let replicate = match transform.get("replicate") {
-        Some(JValue::Bool(true)) => true,
+        Some(KclValue::Bool { value: true, .. }) => true,
-        Some(JValue::Bool(false)) => false,
+        Some(KclValue::Bool { value: false, .. }) => false,
         Some(_) => {
             return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
                 message: "The 'replicate' key must be a bool".to_string(),
@@ -395,38 +392,43 @@ async fn make_transform<'a>(
         }
         None => true,
     };
-    let scale = match transform.value.get("scale") {
+    let scale = match transform.get("scale") {
         Some(x) => array_to_point3d(x, source_ranges.clone())?,
         None => Point3d { x: 1.0, y: 1.0, z: 1.0 },
     };
-    let translate = match transform.value.get("translate") {
+    let translate = match transform.get("translate") {
         Some(x) => array_to_point3d(x, source_ranges.clone())?,
         None => Point3d { x: 0.0, y: 0.0, z: 0.0 },
     };
     let mut rotation = Rotation::default();
-    if let Some(rot) = transform.value.get("rotation") {
+    if let Some(rot) = transform.get("rotation") {
+        let KclValue::Object { value: rot, meta: _ } = rot else {
+            return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+                message: "The 'rotation' key must be an object (with optional fields 'angle', 'axis' and 'origin')"
+                    .to_string(),
+                source_ranges: source_ranges.clone(),
+            }));
+        };
         if let Some(axis) = rot.get("axis") {
             rotation.axis = array_to_point3d(axis, source_ranges.clone())?.into();
         }
         if let Some(angle) = rot.get("angle") {
             match angle {
-                JValue::Number(number) => {
+                KclValue::Number { value: number, meta: _ } => {
-                    if let Some(number) = number.as_f64() {
+                    rotation.angle = Angle::from_degrees(*number);
-                        rotation.angle = Angle::from_degrees(number);
-                    }
                 }
                 _ => {
                     return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
                         message: "The 'rotation.angle' key must be a number (of degrees)".to_string(),
-                        source_ranges: source_ranges.clone(),
+                        source_ranges: meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
                     }));
                 }
             }
         }
         if let Some(origin) = rot.get("origin") {
             rotation.origin = match origin {
-                JValue::String(s) if s == "local" => OriginType::Local,
+                KclValue::String { value: s, meta: _ } if s == "local" => OriginType::Local,
-                JValue::String(s) if s == "global" => OriginType::Global,
+                KclValue::String { value: s, meta: _ } if s == "global" => OriginType::Global,
                 other => {
                     let origin = array_to_point3d(other, source_ranges.clone())?.into();
                     OriginType::Custom { origin }
@@ -443,8 +445,8 @@ async fn make_transform<'a>(
     Ok(t)
 }
 
-fn array_to_point3d(json: &JValue, source_ranges: Vec<SourceRange>) -> Result<Point3d, KclError> {
+fn array_to_point3d(val: &KclValue, source_ranges: Vec<SourceRange>) -> Result<Point3d, KclError> {
-    let JValue::Array(arr) = json else {
+    let KclValue::Array { value: arr, meta } = val else {
         return Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
             message: "Expected an array of 3 numbers (i.e. a 3D point)".to_string(),
             source_ranges,
@@ -457,17 +459,21 @@ fn array_to_point3d(json: &JValue, source_ranges: Vec<SourceRange>) -> Result<Po
             source_ranges,
         }));
     };
-    // Gets an f64 from a JSON value, returns Option.
+    // Gets an f64 from a KCL value.
-    let f = |j: &JValue| j.as_number().and_then(|num| num.as_f64()).map(|x| x.to_owned());
+    let f = |k: &KclValue, component: char| {
-    let err = |component| {
+        use super::args::FromKclValue;
-        KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
+        if let Some(value) = f64::from_mem_item(k) {
+            Ok(value)
+        } else {
+            Err(KclError::Semantic(KclErrorDetails {
                 message: format!("{component} component of this point was not a number"),
-            source_ranges: source_ranges.clone(),
+                source_ranges: meta.iter().map(|m| m.source_range).collect(),
-        })
+            }))
+        }
     };
-    let x = f(&arr[0]).ok_or_else(|| err("X"))?;
+    let x = f(&arr[0], 'x')?;
-    let y = f(&arr[1]).ok_or_else(|| err("Y"))?;
+    let y = f(&arr[1], 'y')?;
-    let z = f(&arr[2]).ok_or_else(|| err("Z"))?;
+    let z = f(&arr[2], 'z')?;
     Ok(Point3d { x, y, z })
 }
 
@@ -477,8 +483,22 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_array_to_point3d() {
-        let input = serde_json::json! {
+        let input = KclValue::Array {
-            [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
+            value: vec![
+                KclValue::Number {
+                    value: 1.1,
+                    meta: Default::default(),
+                },
+                KclValue::Number {
+                    value: 2.2,
+                    meta: Default::default(),
+                },
+                KclValue::Number {
+                    value: 3.3,
+                    meta: Default::default(),
+                },
+            ],
+            meta: Default::default(),
         };
         let expected = Point3d { x: 1.1, y: 2.2, z: 3.3 };
         let actual = array_to_point3d(&input, Vec::new());

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/planes.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     errors::KclError,
-    executor::{ExecState, KclValue, Metadata, Plane, UserVal},
+    executor::{ExecState, KclValue, Plane},
     std::{sketch::PlaneData, Args},
 };
 
@@ -50,15 +50,9 @@ impl From<StandardPlane> for PlaneData {
 /// Offset a plane by a distance along its normal.
 pub async fn offset_plane(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (std_plane, offset): (StandardPlane, f64) = args.get_data_and_float()?;
-
+    let plane_data = inner_offset_plane(std_plane, offset, exec_state).await?;
-    let plane = inner_offset_plane(std_plane, offset, exec_state).await?;
+    let plane = Plane::from_plane_data(plane_data, exec_state);
-
+    Ok(KclValue::Plane(Box::new(plane)))
-    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal::new(
-        vec![Metadata {
-            source_range: args.source_range,
-        }],
-        plane,
-    )))
 }
 
 /// Offset a plane by a distance along its normal.
@@ -129,6 +123,20 @@ pub async fn offset_plane(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclV
 ///
 /// loft([squareSketch, circleSketch])
 /// ```
+/// ```no_run
+/// // A circle on the XY plane
+/// startSketchOn("XY")
+///   |> startProfileAt([0, 0], %)
+///   |> circle({radius: 10, center: [0, 0]}, %)
+///   
+/// // Triangle on the plane 4 units above
+/// startSketchOn(offsetPlane("XY", 4))
+///   |> startProfileAt([0, 0], %)
+///   |> line([10, 0], %)
+///   |> line([0, 10], %)
+///   |> close(%)
+/// ```
+
 #[stdlib {
     name = "offsetPlane",
 }]

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/segment.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub async fn segment_end_x(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<Kcl
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
     let result = inner_segment_end_x(&tag, exec_state, args.clone())?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the ending point of the provided line segment along the 'x' axis.
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub async fn segment_end_y(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<Kcl
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
     let result = inner_segment_end_y(&tag, exec_state, args.clone())?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the ending point of the provided line segment along the 'y' axis.
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ pub async fn segment_start_x(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<K
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
     let result = inner_segment_start_x(&tag, exec_state, args.clone())?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the starting point of the provided line segment along the 'x' axis.
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ pub async fn segment_start_y(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<K
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
     let result = inner_segment_start_y(&tag, exec_state, args.clone())?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the starting point of the provided line segment along the 'y' axis.
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ pub async fn last_segment_x(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<K
     let sketch = args.get_sketch()?;
     let result = inner_last_segment_x(sketch, args.clone())?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Extract the 'x' axis value of the last line segment in the provided 2-d
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ pub async fn last_segment_y(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<K
     let sketch = args.get_sketch()?;
     let result = inner_last_segment_y(sketch, args.clone())?;
 
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Extract the 'y' axis value of the last line segment in the provided 2-d
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ fn inner_last_segment_y(sketch: Sketch, args: Args) -> Result<f64, KclError> {
 pub async fn segment_length(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
     let result = inner_segment_length(&tag, exec_state, args.clone())?;
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the length of the provided line segment.
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ pub async fn segment_angle(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<Kcl
     let tag: TagIdentifier = args.get_data()?;
 
     let result = inner_segment_angle(&tag, exec_state, args.clone())?;
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Compute the angle (in degrees) of the provided line segment.
@@ -415,10 +415,10 @@ fn inner_segment_angle(tag: &TagIdentifier, exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Ar
 pub async fn angle_to_match_length_x(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (tag, to, sketch) = args.get_tag_to_number_sketch()?;
     let result = inner_angle_to_match_length_x(&tag, to, sketch, exec_state, args.clone())?;
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
-/// Compute the angle (in degrees) in o
+/// Returns the angle to match the given length for x.
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// const sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ fn inner_angle_to_match_length_x(
 pub async fn angle_to_match_length_y(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let (tag, to, sketch) = args.get_tag_to_number_sketch()?;
     let result = inner_angle_to_match_length_y(&tag, to, sketch, exec_state, args.clone())?;
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(result)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(result))
 }
 
 /// Returns the angle to match the given length for y.

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/shapes.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ pub async fn circle(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue,
         args.get_circle_args()?;
 
     let sketch = inner_circle(data, sketch_surface_or_group, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(sketch.meta.clone(), sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Construct a 2-dimensional circle, of the specified radius, centered at
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ pub struct PolygonData {
     pub center: [f64; 2],
     /// The type of the polygon (inscribed or circumscribed)
     #[serde(skip)]
-    polygon_type: PolygonType,
+    pub polygon_type: PolygonType,
     /// Whether the polygon is inscribed (true) or circumscribed (false) about a circle with the specified radius
     #[serde(default = "default_inscribed")]
     pub inscribed: bool,
@@ -182,7 +184,9 @@ pub async fn polygon(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue,
         args.get_polygon_args()?;
 
     let sketch = inner_polygon(data, sketch_surface_or_group, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(sketch.meta.clone(), sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Create a regular polygon with the specified number of sides that is either inscribed or circumscribed around a circle of the specified radius.

src/wasm-lib/kcl/src/std/sketch.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
     errors::{KclError, KclErrorDetails},
     executor::{
         BasePath, ExecState, Face, GeoMeta, KclValue, Path, Plane, Point2d, Point3d, Sketch, SketchSet, SketchSurface,
-        Solid, TagEngineInfo, TagIdentifier, UserVal,
+        Solid, TagEngineInfo, TagIdentifier,
     },
     std::{
         utils::{
@@ -97,7 +97,9 @@ pub async fn line_to(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue,
     let (to, sketch, tag): ([f64; 2], Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_line_to(to, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a line from the current origin to some absolute (x, y) point.
@@ -164,7 +166,9 @@ pub async fn x_line_to(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValu
     let (to, sketch, tag): (f64, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_x_line_to(to, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a line parallel to the X axis, that ends at the given X.
@@ -212,7 +216,9 @@ pub async fn y_line_to(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValu
     let (to, sketch, tag): (f64, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_y_line_to(to, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a line parallel to the Y axis, that ends at the given Y.
@@ -252,7 +258,9 @@ pub async fn line(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let (delta, sketch, tag): ([f64; 2], Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_line(delta, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a line relative to the current origin to a specified (x, y) away
@@ -333,7 +341,9 @@ pub async fn x_line(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue,
     let (length, sketch, tag): (f64, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_x_line(length, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a line relative to the current origin to a specified distance away
@@ -376,7 +386,9 @@ pub async fn y_line(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue,
     let (length, sketch, tag): (f64, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_y_line(length, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a line relative to the current origin to a specified distance away
@@ -430,7 +442,9 @@ pub async fn angled_line(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclVa
     let (data, sketch, tag): (AngledLineData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_angled_line(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a line segment relative to the current origin using the polar
@@ -515,7 +529,9 @@ pub async fn angled_line_of_x_length(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) ->
     let (data, sketch, tag): (AngledLineData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_angled_line_of_x_length(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Create a line segment from the current 2-dimensional sketch origin
@@ -573,9 +589,9 @@ async fn inner_angled_line_of_x_length(
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct AngledLineToData {
     /// The angle of the line.
-    angle: f64,
+    pub angle: f64,
     /// The point to draw to.
-    to: f64,
+    pub to: f64,
 }
 
 /// Draw an angled line to a given x coordinate.
@@ -583,7 +599,9 @@ pub async fn angled_line_to_x(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<
     let (data, sketch, tag): (AngledLineToData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_angled_line_to_x(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Create a line segment from the current 2-dimensional sketch origin
@@ -641,7 +659,9 @@ pub async fn angled_line_of_y_length(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) ->
 
     let new_sketch = inner_angled_line_of_y_length(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
 
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Create a line segment from the current 2-dimensional sketch origin
@@ -700,7 +720,9 @@ pub async fn angled_line_to_y(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<
     let (data, sketch, tag): (AngledLineToData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_angled_line_to_y(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Create a line segment from the current 2-dimensional sketch origin
@@ -771,7 +793,9 @@ pub async fn angled_line_that_intersects(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args)
     let (data, sketch, tag): (AngledLineThatIntersectsData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) =
         args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
     let new_sketch = inner_angled_line_that_intersects(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw an angled line from the current origin, constructing a line segment
@@ -828,7 +852,9 @@ pub async fn start_sketch_at(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<K
     let data: [f64; 2] = args.get_data()?;
 
     let sketch = inner_start_sketch_at(data, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(sketch.meta.clone(), sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Start a new 2-dimensional sketch at a given point on the 'XY' plane.
@@ -1135,7 +1161,9 @@ pub async fn start_profile_at(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<
         args.get_data_and_sketch_surface()?;
 
     let sketch = inner_start_profile_at(start, sketch_surface, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(sketch.meta.clone(), sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Start a new profile at a given point.
@@ -1262,7 +1290,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn inner_start_profile_at(
 pub async fn profile_start_x(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let sketch: Sketch = args.get_sketch()?;
     let x = inner_profile_start_x(sketch)?;
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(x)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(x))
 }
 
 /// Extract the provided 2-dimensional sketch's profile's origin's 'x'
@@ -1286,7 +1314,7 @@ pub(crate) fn inner_profile_start_x(sketch: Sketch) -> Result<f64, KclError> {
 pub async fn profile_start_y(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let sketch: Sketch = args.get_sketch()?;
     let x = inner_profile_start_y(sketch)?;
-    args.make_user_val_from_f64(x)
+    Ok(args.make_user_val_from_f64(x))
 }
 
 /// Extract the provided 2-dimensional sketch's profile's origin's 'y'
@@ -1309,15 +1337,7 @@ pub(crate) fn inner_profile_start_y(sketch: Sketch) -> Result<f64, KclError> {
 pub async fn profile_start(_exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, KclError> {
     let sketch: Sketch = args.get_sketch()?;
     let point = inner_profile_start(sketch)?;
-    Ok(KclValue::UserVal(UserVal {
+    Ok(KclValue::from_point2d(point, args.into()))
-        value: serde_json::to_value(point).map_err(|e| {
-            KclError::Type(KclErrorDetails {
-                message: format!("Failed to convert point to json: {}", e),
-                source_ranges: vec![args.source_range],
-            })
-        })?,
-        meta: Default::default(),
-    }))
 }
 
 /// Extract the provided 2-dimensional sketch's profile's origin
@@ -1345,7 +1365,9 @@ pub async fn close(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, K
 
     let new_sketch = inner_close(sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
 
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Construct a line segment from the current origin back to the profile's
@@ -1452,7 +1474,9 @@ pub async fn arc(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kcl
     let (data, sketch, tag): (ArcData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_arc(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a curved line segment along an imaginary circle.
@@ -1573,7 +1597,9 @@ pub async fn tangential_arc(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<Kc
     let (data, sketch, tag): (TangentialArcData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_tangential_arc(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a curved line segment along part of an imaginary circle.
@@ -1701,7 +1727,9 @@ pub async fn tangential_arc_to(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result
     let (to, sketch, tag): ([f64; 2], Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = super::args::FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_tangential_arc_to(to, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a tangential arc to point some distance away..
@@ -1709,7 +1737,9 @@ pub async fn tangential_arc_to_relative(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args)
     let (delta, sketch, tag): ([f64; 2], Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = super::args::FromArgs::from_args(&args, 0)?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_tangential_arc_to_relative(delta, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Starting at the current sketch's origin, draw a curved line segment along
@@ -1873,11 +1903,11 @@ async fn inner_tangential_arc_to_relative(
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct BezierData {
     /// The to point.
-    to: [f64; 2],
+    pub to: [f64; 2],
     /// The first control point.
-    control1: [f64; 2],
+    pub control1: [f64; 2],
     /// The second control point.
-    control2: [f64; 2],
+    pub control2: [f64; 2],
 }
 
 /// Draw a bezier curve.
@@ -1885,7 +1915,9 @@ pub async fn bezier_curve(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclV
     let (data, sketch, tag): (BezierData, Sketch, Option<TagNode>) = args.get_data_and_sketch_and_tag()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_bezier_curve(data, sketch, tag, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Draw a smooth, continuous, curved line segment from the current origin to
@@ -1965,7 +1997,9 @@ pub async fn hole(exec_state: &mut ExecState, args: Args) -> Result<KclValue, Kc
     let (hole_sketch, sketch): (SketchSet, Sketch) = args.get_sketches()?;
 
     let new_sketch = inner_hole(hole_sketch, sketch, exec_state, args).await?;
-    Ok(KclValue::new_user_val(new_sketch.meta.clone(), new_sketch))
+    Ok(KclValue::Sketch {
+        value: Box::new(new_sketch),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Use a 2-dimensional sketch to cut a hole in another 2-dimensional sketch.