// Prosthetic Hip
// A prosthetic hip is a surgically implanted ball-and-socket intended to replace a damaged or worn hip joint

// Set units
@settings(defaultLengthUnit = mm)

// Create the femur using a series of lofts. Draw the profile for the first loft on the XY plane.
l1 = 1
r1 = 3
stemLoftProfile1 = startSketchOn(XY)
  |> startProfile(at = [-3, -l1 / 2])
  |> yLine(length = l1, tag = $seg01)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r1)
  |> angledLine(angle = -30, length = segLen(seg01))
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r1)
  |> angledLine(angle = 30, length = -segLen(seg01))
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()

// Draw the second profile for the lofted femur
l2 = 19
r2 = 3
stemLoftProfile2 = startSketchOn(offsetPlane(XY, offset = 75))
  |> startProfile(at = [-8, -l2 / 2])
  |> yLine(length = l2, tag = $seg02)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r2)
  |> angledLine(angle = -30, length = segLen(seg02))
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r2)
  |> angledLine(angle = 30, length = -segLen(seg02))
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()

// Draw the third profile for the lofted femur
p3Z = 110
p3A = 25
plane003 = {
  origin = [0, 0.0, p3Z],
  xAxis = [cos(p3A), 0, sin(p3A)],
  yAxis = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
}
l3 = 32
r3 = 4
stemLoftProfile3 = startSketchOn(plane003)
  |> startProfile(at = [-15.5, -l3 / 2])
  |> yLine(length = l3, tag = $seg03)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r3)
  |> angledLine(angle = -30, length = segLen(seg03))
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r3)
  |> angledLine(angle = 30, length = -segLen(seg03))
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()

// Draw the fourth profile for the lofted femur
p4Z = 130
p4A = 36.5
plane004 = {
  origin = [0, 0.0, p4Z],
  xAxis = [cos(p4A), 0, sin(p4A)],
  yAxis = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
}
l4 = 16
r4 = 5
stemLoftProfile4 = startSketchOn(plane004)
  |> startProfile(at = [-23, -l4 / 2])
  |> yLine(length = l4, tag = $seg04)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r4)
  |> angledLine(angle = -30, length = segLen(seg04))
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r4)
  |> angledLine(angle = 30, length = -segLen(seg04))
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()

// Draw the first profile for the femoral stem
p5Z = 140
p5A = 36.5
plane005 = {
  origin = [0, 0.0, p5Z],
  xAxis = [cos(p5A), 0, sin(p5A)],
  yAxis = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
}
l5 = 1.6
r5 = 1.6
stemLoftProfile5 = startSketchOn(plane005)
  |> startProfile(at = [-19.5, -l5 / 2])
  |> yLine(length = l5, tag = $seg05)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r5)
  |> angledLine(angle = -30, length = segLen(seg05))
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r5)
  |> angledLine(angle = 30, length = -segLen(seg05))
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()

// Draw the second profile for the femoral stem
p6Z = 145
p6A = 36.5
plane006 = {
  origin = [0, 0.0, p6Z],
  xAxis = [cos(p6A), 0, sin(p6A)],
  yAxis = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
}
l6 = 1
r6 = 3
stemLoftProfile6 = startSketchOn(plane006)
  |> startProfile(at = [-23.4, -l6 / 2])
  |> yLine(length = l6, tag = $seg06)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r6)
  |> angledLine(angle = -30, length = segLen(seg06))
  |> tangentialArc(angle = -120, radius = r6)
  |> angledLine(angle = 30, length = -segLen(seg06))
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()

// Draw the third profile for the femoral stem
stemTab = clone(stemLoftProfile6)
  |> extrude(%, length = 6)

// Loft the femur using all profiles in sequence

femur = loft([
  stemLoftProfile1,
  stemLoftProfile2,
  stemLoftProfile3,
  stemLoftProfile4
])

// Loft the femoral stem
femoralStem = loft([
  clone(stemLoftProfile4),
  stemLoftProfile5,
  stemLoftProfile6
])

// Revolve a hollow socket to represent the femoral head
femoralHead = startSketchOn(XZ)
  |> startProfile(at = [4, 0])
  |> xLine(length = 1.1)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = 90, radius = 3)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = 90, radius = 8)
  |> yLine(length = -1)
  |> tangentialArc(angle = 90, radius = .1)
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()
  |> revolve(angle = 360, axis = Y)
  |> translate(x = -16.1, z = 133)
  |> rotate(pitch = -36.5)
  |> appearance(color = "#d64398")

// Place a polyethylene cap over the femoral head
polyethyleneInsert = startSketchOn(XZ)
  |> startProfile(at = [8.36, 3])
  |> xLine(length = 0.5)
  |> yLine(length = .1)
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [0.1, 12.55])
  |> yLine(length = -0.85)
  |> xLine(length = 0.58)
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()
  |> revolve(angle = 360, axis = Y)
  |> translate(x = -16.1, z = 133)
  |> rotate(pitch = -36.5)
  |> appearance(color = "#3cadd3")

// Place a ceramic or metal shell over the cap
acetabularShell = startSketchOn(XZ)
  |> startProfile(at = [8.84, 4.7])
  |> xLine(length = 1)
  |> yLine(length = .5)
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [0.1, 14])
  |> yLine(endAbsolute = 12.56)
  |> xLine(length = 0.1)
  |> tangentialArc(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
  |> close()
  |> revolve(angle = 360, axis = Y)
  |> translate(x = -16.1, z = 133)
  |> rotate(pitch = -36.5)
  |> appearance(color = "#a55e2c")