201 lines
542 KiB
Markdown
201 lines
542 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "rotate"
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subtitle: "Function in std::transform"
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excerpt: "Rotate a solid or a sketch."
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layout: manual
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---
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Rotate a solid or a sketch.
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```kcl
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rotate(
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@objects: [Solid] | [Sketch] | ImportedGeometry,
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roll?: number,
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pitch?: number,
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yaw?: number,
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axis?: [number],
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angle?: number,
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global?: bool,
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): [Solid] | [Sketch] | ImportedGeometry
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```
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This is really useful for assembling parts together. You can create a part and then rotate it to the correct orientation.
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For sketches, you can use this to rotate a sketch and then loft it with another sketch.
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### Using Roll, Pitch, and Yaw
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When rotating a part in 3D space, "roll," "pitch," and "yaw" refer to the three rotational axes used to describe its orientation: roll is rotation around the longitudinal axis (front-to-back), pitch is rotation around the lateral axis (wing-to-wing), and yaw is rotation around the vertical axis (up-down); essentially, it's like tilting the part on its side (roll), tipping the nose up or down (pitch), and turning it left or right (yaw).
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So, in the context of a 3D model:
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- **Roll**: Imagine spinning a pencil on its tip - that's a roll movement.
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- **Pitch**: Think of a seesaw motion, where the object tilts up or down along its side axis.
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- **Yaw**: Like turning your head left or right, this is a rotation around the vertical axis
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### Using an Axis and Angle
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When rotating a part around an axis, you specify the axis of rotation and the angle of rotation.
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### Arguments
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| Name | Type | Description | Required |
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|----------|------|-------------|----------|
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| `objects` | [`[Solid]`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-Solid) or [`[Sketch]`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-Sketch) or [`ImportedGeometry`](/docs/kcl-lang/types#ImportedGeometry) | The solid, sketch, or set of solids or sketches to rotate. | Yes |
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| `roll` | [`number`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-number) | The roll angle in degrees. Must be between -360 and 360. Default is 0 if not given. | No |
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| `pitch` | [`number`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-number) | The pitch angle in degrees. Must be between -360 and 360. Default is 0 if not given. | No |
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| `yaw` | [`number`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-number) | The yaw angle in degrees. Must be between -360 and 360. Default is 0 if not given. | No |
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| `axis` | [`[number]`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-number) | The axis to rotate around. Must be used with `angle`. | No |
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| `angle` | [`number`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-number) | The angle to rotate in degrees. Must be used with `axis`. Must be between -360 and 360. | No |
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| `global` | [`bool`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-bool) | If true, the transform is applied in global space. The origin of the model will move. By default, the transform is applied in local sketch axis, therefore the origin will not move. | No |
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### Returns
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[`[Solid]`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-Solid) or [`[Sketch]`](/docs/kcl-std/types/std-types-Sketch) or [`ImportedGeometry`](/docs/kcl-lang/types#ImportedGeometry) - Data for a solid, sketch, or an imported geometry.
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### Examples
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```kcl
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// Rotate a pipe with roll, pitch, and yaw.
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// Create a path for the sweep.
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sweepPath = startSketchOn(XZ)
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|> startProfile(at = [0.05, 0.05])
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|> line(end = [0, 7])
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|> tangentialArc(angle = 90, radius = 5)
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|> line(end = [-3, 0])
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|> tangentialArc(angle = -90, radius = 5)
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|> line(end = [0, 7])
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// Create a hole for the pipe.
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pipeHole = startSketchOn(XY)
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|> circle(center = [0, 0], radius = 1.5)
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sweepSketch = startSketchOn(XY)
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|> circle(center = [0, 0], radius = 2)
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|> subtract2d(tool = pipeHole)
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|> sweep(path = sweepPath)
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|> rotate(roll = 10, pitch = 10, yaw = 90)
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```
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```kcl
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// Rotate a pipe with just roll.
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// Create a path for the sweep.
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sweepPath = startSketchOn(XZ)
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|> startProfile(at = [0.05, 0.05])
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|> line(end = [0, 7])
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|> tangentialArc(angle = 90, radius = 5)
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|> line(end = [-3, 0])
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|> tangentialArc(angle = -90, radius = 5)
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|> line(end = [0, 7])
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// Create a hole for the pipe.
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pipeHole = startSketchOn(XY)
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|> circle(center = [0, 0], radius = 1.5)
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sweepSketch = startSketchOn(XY)
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|> circle(center = [0, 0], radius = 2)
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|> subtract2d(tool = pipeHole)
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|> sweep(path = sweepPath)
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|> rotate(roll = 10)
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```
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```kcl
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// Rotate a pipe about an axis with an angle.
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// Create a path for the sweep.
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sweepPath = startSketchOn(XZ)
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|> startProfile(at = [0.05, 0.05])
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|> line(end = [0, 7])
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|> tangentialArc(angle = 90, radius = 5)
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|> line(end = [-3, 0])
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|> tangentialArc(angle = -90, radius = 5)
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|> line(end = [0, 7])
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// Create a hole for the pipe.
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pipeHole = startSketchOn(XY)
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|> circle(center = [0, 0], radius = 1.5)
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sweepSketch = startSketchOn(XY)
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|> circle(center = [0, 0], radius = 2)
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|> subtract2d(tool = pipeHole)
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|> sweep(path = sweepPath)
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|> rotate(axis = [0, 0, 1.0], angle = 90)
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```
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```kcl
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// Rotate an imported model.
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import "tests/inputs/cube.sldprt" as cube
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cube
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|> rotate(axis = [0, 0, 1.0], angle = 9)
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```
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```kcl
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// Sweep two sketches along the same path.
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sketch001 = startSketchOn(XY)
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rectangleSketch = startProfile(sketch001, at = [-200, 23.86])
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|> angledLine(angle = 0, length = 73.47, tag = $rectangleSegmentA001)
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|> angledLine(angle = segAng(rectangleSegmentA001) - 90, length = 50.61)
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|> angledLine(angle = segAng(rectangleSegmentA001), length = -segLen(rectangleSegmentA001))
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|> line(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
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|> close()
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circleSketch = circle(sketch001, center = [200, -30.29], radius = 32.63)
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sketch002 = startSketchOn(YZ)
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sweepPath = startProfile(sketch002, at = [0, 0])
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|> yLine(length = 231.81)
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|> tangentialArc(radius = 80, angle = -90)
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|> xLine(length = 384.93)
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parts = sweep([rectangleSketch, circleSketch], path = sweepPath)
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// Rotate the sweeps.
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rotate(parts, axis = [0, 0, 1.0], angle = 90)
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```
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```kcl
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// Translate and rotate a sketch to create a loft.
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sketch001 = startSketchOn(XY)
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fn square() {
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return startProfile(sketch001, at = [-10, 10])
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|> xLine(length = 20)
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|> yLine(length = -20)
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|> xLine(length = -20)
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|> line(endAbsolute = [profileStartX(%), profileStartY(%)])
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|> close()
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}
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profile001 = square()
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profile002 = square()
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|> translate(x = 0, y = 0, z = 20)
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|> rotate(axis = [0, 0, 1.0], angle = 45)
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loft([profile001, profile002])
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```
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