215 lines
736 KiB
Markdown
215 lines
736 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
title: "patternTransform"
|
|
excerpt: "Repeat a 3-dimensional solid, changing it each time."
|
|
layout: manual
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
Repeat a 3-dimensional solid, changing it each time.
|
|
|
|
Replicates the 3D solid, applying a transformation function to each replica. Transformation function could alter rotation, scale, visibility, position, etc.
|
|
|
|
The `patternTransform` call itself takes a number for how many total instances of the shape should be. For example, if you use a circle with `patternTransform(4, transform)` then there will be 4 circles: the original, and 3 created by replicating the original and calling the transform function on each.
|
|
|
|
The transform function takes a single parameter: an integer representing which number replication the transform is for. E.g. the first replica to be transformed will be passed the argument `1`. This simplifies your math: the transform function can rely on id `0` being the original instance passed into the `patternTransform`. See the examples.
|
|
|
|
The transform function returns a transform object. All properties of the object are optional, they each default to "no change". So the overall transform object defaults to "no change" too. Its properties are:
|
|
|
|
- `translate` (3D point)
|
|
|
|
Translates the replica, moving its position in space.
|
|
|
|
- `replicate` (bool)
|
|
|
|
If false, this ID will not actually copy the object. It'll be skipped.
|
|
|
|
- `scale` (3D point)
|
|
|
|
Stretches the object, multiplying its width in the given dimension by the point's component in that direction.
|
|
|
|
- `rotation` (object, with the following properties)
|
|
|
|
- `rotation.axis` (a 3D point, defaults to the Z axis)
|
|
|
|
- `rotation.angle` (number of degrees)
|
|
|
|
- `rotation.origin` (either "local" i.e. rotate around its own center, "global" i.e. rotate around the scene's center, or a 3D point, defaults to "local")
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
patternTransform(total_instances: integer, transform_function: FunctionParam, solid_set: SolidSet) -> [Solid]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Arguments
|
|
|
|
| Name | Type | Description | Required |
|
|
|----------|------|-------------|----------|
|
|
| `total_instances` | `integer` | | Yes |
|
|
| `transform_function` | `FunctionParam` | | Yes |
|
|
| `solid_set` | [`SolidSet`](/docs/kcl/types/SolidSet) | A solid or a group of solids. | Yes |
|
|
|
|
### Returns
|
|
|
|
[`[Solid]`](/docs/kcl/types/Solid)
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Examples
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
// Each instance will be shifted along the X axis.
|
|
fn transform(id) {
|
|
return { translate = [4 * id, 0, 0] }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Sketch 4 cylinders.
|
|
sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
|
|
|> circle({ center = [0, 0], radius = 2 }, %)
|
|
|> extrude(length = 5)
|
|
|> patternTransform(4, transform, %)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
// Each instance will be shifted along the X axis,
|
|
// with a gap between the original (at x = 0) and the first replica
|
|
// (at x = 8). This is because `id` starts at 1.
|
|
fn transform(id) {
|
|
return { translate = [4 * (1 + id), 0, 0] }
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sketch001 = startSketchOn('XZ')
|
|
|> circle({ center = [0, 0], radius = 2 }, %)
|
|
|> extrude(length = 5)
|
|
|> patternTransform(4, transform, %)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
fn cube(length, center) {
|
|
l = length / 2
|
|
x = center[0]
|
|
y = center[1]
|
|
p0 = [-l + x, -l + y]
|
|
p1 = [-l + x, l + y]
|
|
p2 = [l + x, l + y]
|
|
p3 = [l + x, -l + y]
|
|
|
|
return startSketchOn('XY')
|
|
|> startProfileAt(p0, %)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p1)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p2)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p3)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p0)
|
|
|> close()
|
|
|> extrude(length = length)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
width = 20
|
|
fn transform(i) {
|
|
return {
|
|
// Move down each time.
|
|
translate = [0, 0, -i * width],
|
|
// Make the cube longer, wider and flatter each time.
|
|
scale = [pow(1.1, i), pow(1.1, i), pow(0.9, i)],
|
|
// Turn by 15 degrees each time.
|
|
rotation = { angle = 15 * i, origin = "local" }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
myCubes = cube(width, [100, 0])
|
|
|> patternTransform(25, transform, %)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
fn cube(length, center) {
|
|
l = length / 2
|
|
x = center[0]
|
|
y = center[1]
|
|
p0 = [-l + x, -l + y]
|
|
p1 = [-l + x, l + y]
|
|
p2 = [l + x, l + y]
|
|
p3 = [l + x, -l + y]
|
|
|
|
return startSketchOn('XY')
|
|
|> startProfileAt(p0, %)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p1)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p2)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p3)
|
|
|> line(endAbsolute = p0)
|
|
|> close()
|
|
|> extrude(length = length)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
width = 20
|
|
fn transform(i) {
|
|
return {
|
|
translate = [0, 0, -i * width],
|
|
rotation = {
|
|
angle = 90 * i,
|
|
// Rotate around the overall scene's origin.
|
|
origin = "global"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
myCubes = cube(width, [100, 100])
|
|
|> patternTransform(4, transform, %)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
// Parameters
|
|
r = 50 // base radius
|
|
h = 10 // layer height
|
|
t = 0.005 // taper factor [0-1)
|
|
// Defines how to modify each layer of the vase.
|
|
// Each replica is shifted up the Z axis, and has a smoothly-varying radius
|
|
fn transform(replicaId) {
|
|
scale = r * abs(1 - (t * replicaId)) * (5 + cos(replicaId / 8))
|
|
return {
|
|
translate = [0, 0, replicaId * 10],
|
|
scale = [scale, scale, 0]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
// Each layer is just a pretty thin cylinder.
|
|
fn layer() {
|
|
return startSketchOn("XY")
|
|
// or some other plane idk
|
|
|> circle({ center = [0, 0], radius = 1 }, %, $tag1)
|
|
|> extrude(length = h)
|
|
}
|
|
// The vase is 100 layers tall.
|
|
// The 100 layers are replica of each other, with a slight transformation applied to each.
|
|
vase = layer()
|
|
|> patternTransform(100, transform, %)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
fn transform(i) {
|
|
// Transform functions can return multiple transforms. They'll be applied in order.
|
|
return [
|
|
{ translate = [30 * i, 0, 0] },
|
|
{ rotation = { angle = 45 * i } }
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
startSketchOn('XY')
|
|
|> startProfileAt([0, 0], %)
|
|
|> polygon({
|
|
radius = 10,
|
|
numSides = 4,
|
|
center = [0, 0],
|
|
inscribed = false
|
|
}, %)
|
|
|> extrude(length = 4)
|
|
|> patternTransform(3, transform, %)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|